A nurse is about to administer a bolus enteral feeding to a client who is on bedrest. How does the nurse position the client during the feeding?

A. This intervention promotes emotional expression and allows the client to verbalize their fears, worries, and uncertainties related to the cancer diagnosis. Encouraging the client to express their feelings fosters a sense of emotional support, validation, and empathy, which are essential for coping with the emotional impact of the diagnosis.
C. Cancer diagnosis and treatment often involve multiple appointments, tests, and treatments, which can be overwhelming for the client. Assisting the client with time management and priorities can help alleviate stress and enhance coping by providing structure, organization, and support in managing the demands of the treatment plan and daily life responsibilities.
D. Involving the client in decision-making and allowing them input into the treatment plan empowers the client and promotes a sense of control and autonomy over their care. Collaborative decision-making enhances the client's engagement, adherence, and satisfaction with the treatment plan, which are essential for successful coping and treatment outcomes.
B. Telling the client what coping skills to use may not be the most effective approach, as it disregards the individuality of the client's coping mechanisms and preferences. Instead, the nurse should explore with the client what coping strategies they have used in the past and provide guidance and support in identifying and implementing effective coping strategies that align with the client's needs and preferences.
E. Providing extensive instructions about the treatment plan and prognosis is important for promoting understanding, informed decision-making, and adherence to the treatment plan. However, the timing and amount of information should be tailored to the client's readiness and preferences. Too much information too soon may overwhelm the client and hinder coping, while inadequate information may lead to uncertainty and anxiety. Therefore, the nurse should provide information in a clear, empathetic, and supportive manner, ensuring that the client's informational needs are met while respecting their emotional readiness.

D. As individuals age, there is a natural decline in the amount of deep sleep (slow-wave sleep or Stage N3 sleep) they experience. Older adults tend to spend less time in deep sleep and may experience more fragmented sleep patterns, with more frequent awakenings during the night. This reduction in deep sleep is a normal part of the aging process and is associated with changes in sleep architecture and physiology.
A. Research indicates that a significant portion of the population does not get enough sleep, with many adults experiencing sleep deprivation due to various factors such as lifestyle, work schedules, and sleep disorders.
B. Teenagers often have a natural tendency to stay up later and have difficulty waking up early due to changes in their circadian rhythm during adolescence. This shift in sleep patterns, known as delayed sleep phase syndrome, can result in later bedtimes and waking times for teenagers.

C. Sleep needs typically change over the course of a person's lifetime. Infants and young children require more sleep than adults, with sleep duration gradually decreasing as individuals age.
Additionally, factors such as lifestyle, health status, and environmental influences can affect sleep needs at different stages of life.