A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. Which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client?

Treatment with PPIs to decrease stomach acid

Treatment with stimulant laxatives

Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes

Decrease food intake

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Treatment with PPIs to decrease stomach acid:
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used to decrease stomach acid production and are commonly prescribed for conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. However, they do not address the underlying cause of pancreatic insufficiency, which is the deficiency of pancreatic enzymes.

B) Treatment with stimulant laxatives:
Stimulant laxatives are used to stimulate bowel movements and are not indicated for the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency. Pancreatic insufficiency primarily affects the digestion of nutrients rather than bowel motility.

C) Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes.
Pancreatic insufficiency occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough digestive enzymes to properly digest food, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes is the mainstay of treatment for pancreatic insufficiency. These enzymes, often prescribed in the form of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), help to supplement the deficient enzymes and aid in the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

D) Decrease food intake:
Decreasing food intake is not an appropriate treatment for pancreatic insufficiency. In fact, individuals with pancreatic insufficiency may need to increase their food intake to compensate for malabsorption and ensure adequate nutrition. Restricting food intake would worsen nutritional deficiencies and symptoms associated with malabsorption.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Respirations rate:
Respiratory rate is an important vital sign to monitor in patients with shock, as respiratory distress can indicate inadequate oxygenation. However, blood pressure is generally considered more critical to assess initially in the context of shock because it directly reflects tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.

B) Heart rate:
Heart rate is an important vital sign to monitor in patients with shock, as tachycardia (rapid heart rate) may indicate the body's compensatory response to maintain cardiac output and tissue perfusion. However, blood pressure is generally considered more critical to assess initially in the context of shock because it directly reflects tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.

C) Blood pressure.
In shock, the body's vital organs are not receiving adequate blood flow and oxygen, leading to a life-threatening condition. While all vital signs are important to monitor in a patient experiencing shock, blood pressure is typically considered the most critical because it reflects the perfusion pressure—the force driving blood through the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. A decrease in blood pressure can indicate inadequate tissue perfusion and impending organ failure. Therefore, timely assessment and monitoring of blood pressure are essential for identifying and managing shock effectively.

D) Temperature:
Temperature monitoring is important in assessing for signs of infection or other systemic issues that may contribute to shock, such as sepsis. However, blood pressure is generally considered more critical to assess initially in the context of shock because it directly reflects tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.

A. Low-back pain B. Fever C. Dyspnea D. Urticaria

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Low-back pain:
Low-back pain is not a common manifestation of an allergic reaction to a blood transfusion. It may be associated with other conditions, such as musculoskeletal issues or renal complications, but it is not typically addressed by diphenhydramine administration during transfusion.

B) Fever:
While fever can occur as a manifestation of an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion, it is more commonly associated with non-allergic transfusion reactions such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or bacterial contamination of the blood product. Diphenhydramine is not specifically indicated for the prevention of fever during transfusion.

C) Dyspnea:
Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can occur as a manifestation of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis during a blood transfusion. However, diphenhydramine alone may not be sufficient to prevent or treat severe respiratory symptoms associated with anaphylaxis. In such cases, prompt medical intervention and administration of epinephrine may be necessary. Diphenhydramine primarily targets histamine-mediated symptoms such as urticaria and itching.

D) Urticaria.
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin reaction characterized by raised, itchy welts that can occur as a result of an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction. During a blood transfusion, if the recipient's immune system reacts to foreign proteins in the transfused blood, it can lead to an allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as urticaria, itching, flushing, and sometimes more severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine medication that works by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during allergic reactions. By administering diphenhydramine before the blood transfusion, the nurse aims to prevent or minimize the occurrence of urticaria and other allergic symptoms.

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A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. Which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In the plan of care, the most important intervention for a patient experiencing shock is assessing:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer diphenhydramine to a client who is to receive a blood transfusion. The nurse should explain that the purpose of diphenhydramine is to prevent which of the following manifestations of a transfusion reaction?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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