The nurse explains to the client why inhalation medications work rapidly. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)

The inside surface of the lungs is small, and the dose is concentrated in that area.

There is a large surface area inside the lungs.

Inhaled medications are given at very high doses.

Inhaled medications are given with food.

There is a rich blood supply to the lungs.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

A. The inside surface of the lungs is small, and the dose is concentrated in that area: Inhalation medications are delivered directly to the lungs, where they are rapidly absorbed due to the small surface area and the close proximity of the medication to the lung tissue.

B. There is a large surface area inside the lungs: The lungs have a large surface area for gas exchange, allowing for efficient absorption of inhaled medications into the bloodstream.

C. Inhaled medications are given at very high doses: Inhaled medications are typically given at therapeutic doses appropriate for the patient's condition. While they may be given in higher doses compared to oral medications in some cases, the dosage is carefully adjusted based on factors such as the patient's age, weight, and severity of the condition.

D. Inhaled medications are given with food: Inhaled medications are typically administered separately from meals. Food can interfere with the absorption of inhaled medications and may affect their effectiveness.
E. There is a rich blood supply to the lungs: The lungs have a rich network of blood vessels, known as pulmonary capillaries, which allows for rapid absorption of inhaled medications into the bloodstream.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Decreased cardiac output: Inotropic medications are intended to improve cardiac function and increase cardiac output, so monitoring for signs of decreased cardiac output would be contrary to the expected therapeutic effect of these medications.

B. Increased afterload: Inotropic medications primarily affect the contractility of the heart muscle and do not typically have a direct effect on afterload (the force against which the heart must pump blood). While changes in afterload can occur as a secondary consequence of altered cardiac function, monitoring for signs of increased afterload would not be the primary focus after administering an inotropic medication.

C. Increased cardiac output.
Inotropic medications are drugs that affect the contractility of the heart muscle. They are often used in the management of shock to improve cardiac function and increase cardiac output. Therefore, after administering an inotropic medication, the nurse would monitor the patient for signs of increased cardiac output, such as improved peripheral perfusion, increased blood pressure, and resolution of signs and symptoms of shock.

D. Slowing of the heart rate: Inotropic medications can affect heart rate indirectly by altering cardiac output, but their primary effect is on contractility rather than heart rate. Monitoring for signs of bradycardia (slowing of the heart rate) may be appropriate in certain clinical situations, but it is not the primary consideration after administering an inotropic medication for shock.

A. Cardiogenic shock B. Neurogenic shock C. Hypovolemic shock D. Septic shock

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Cardiogenic shock:
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, often due to myocardial infarction (heart attack) or other conditions affecting the heart's function. The client's history of a recent infection does not align with the etiology of cardiogenic shock.

B) Neurogenic shock:
Neurogenic shock occurs due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, typically as a result of spinal cord injury or severe brain injury. It is characterized by widespread vasodilation and bradycardia. The client's history of a recent infection does not align with the etiology of neurogenic shock.

C) Hypovolemic shock:
Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a significant loss of blood volume, such as from trauma, hemorrhage, or dehydration. While infection can lead to fluid loss and dehydration in some cases, the client's history of a recent infection suggests a different etiology, specifically septic shock, which is driven by the systemic inflammatory response to infection.

D) Septic shock.
Septic shock is a type of distributive shock caused by a systemic response to infection. It occurs when an infection triggers a widespread inflammatory response, leading to vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, fluid loss from the bloodstream, and impaired tissue perfusion. The client's history of a recent infection suggests that the shock may be septic in nature.

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The nurse explains to the client why inhalation medications work rapidly. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After administering an inotropic medication to a patient in shock, the nurse monitors the patient for signs of:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client presents with shock in the hospital, and has a history of a recent infection. What does the nurse suspect that this client is experiencing?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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