A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?

She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.

There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.

The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.

She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Oxygen Concentration of the Ambient Air
The oxygen concentration of the ambient air affects how much oxygen the child could have been exposed to once retrieved from the pool. If the child was submerged in water, the ability to access oxygen from the environment was compromised, which contributes to the level of hypoxemia experienced. Ambient air oxygen concentration is a crucial factor in determining how long it might take for hypoxemia to develop or improve after submersion.
B. Temperature of Water
The temperature of the water affects the child’s physiology during submersion. Cold water can lead to a more rapid decrease in core body temperature and can influence the child’s respiratory and cardiovascular responses, potentially affecting the degree of hypoxemia.
C. The Weight of the Child
The weight of the child does not significantly impact the level of hypoxemia experienced during submersion. While it might influence the child’s ability to stay afloat or the rescue process, it does not directly affect hypoxemia levels.
D. The Amount of Time the Child Was Submerged
The duration of submersion is a critical factor in determining the level of hypoxemia. Longer submersion times result in more significant oxygen deprivation and a greater degree of hypoxemia, which can impact the severity of respiratory and cardiac complications.
E. Whether or Not Anyone Witnessed the Fall into the Pool
While witnessing the fall might be relevant for understanding the context of the incident, it does not directly affect the level of hypoxemia experienced during the submersion. The key factors are related to the conditions and duration of the submersion itself

A. Place the drink where the client can reach from her bed B. Encourage drinks with high sugar content C. Only offer water or other clear drink D. Ask the client what her favorite drink is E. Offer both hot and cold drinks F. Suggest popular drinks like coffee or soda

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Place the drink where the client can reach from her bed
Placing the drink where the client can easily reach it encourages regular fluid intake. Accessibility is key for clients who may be feeling weak or fatigued, especially when dealing with symptoms of illness like fever and cough. Ensuring that fluids are within reach minimizes barriers to drinking and supports better hydration efforts.
B. Encourage drinks with high sugar content
Drinks with high sugar content are not ideal for promoting adequate fluid intake. High sugar content can worsen symptoms like nausea or dehydration and may lead to increased thirst or gastrointestinal upset, which is counterproductive to encouraging fluid intake. Offering fluids with balanced electrolytes and moderate sugar content is more beneficial.
C. Only offer water or other clear drink
Offering only water or clear drinks can be too restrictive and may not meet the client's preferences or needs. While clear liquids are appropriate, incorporating a variety of fluids can improve hydration and patient satisfaction. It is beneficial to offer options that the client might find appealing.
D. Ask the client what her favorite drink is
Asking the client for her favorite drink engages her in the decision-making process and increases the likelihood of her consuming more fluids. Personal preferences can significantly affect fluid intake, and offering drinks she likes can help in achieving adequate hydration.
E. Offer both hot and cold drinks
Offering both hot and cold drinks can cater to the client’s preferences and provide comfort, which may encourage her to drink more fluids. Variety in temperature can make drinking fluids more appealing, especially if the client is feeling unwell or has specific preferences.
F. Suggest popular drinks like coffee or soda
Suggesting coffee or soda is not recommended due to their diuretic effects and potential for dehydration. Coffee and soda can also interfere with electrolyte balance and are generally not suitable for hydration in a clinical setting where the goal is to address fluid volume deficit

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A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Exhibits What factors are important in determining level of hypoxemia that the child may have experienced during the submersion? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Exhibits The practical nurse (PN) would like to encourage the client to take oral fluids so that the IV fluids can eventually be discontinued. Which three strategies would be most effective in getting a client to consume adequate oral fluids?

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

What foods should the practical nurse (PN) recommend to a client as good sources of vitamin K? Select all that apply.

A client with Parkinson's disease is experiencing decreased postural reflexes, rigidity, retropulsive gait, and shuffling. Which intervention is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to implement?

At 1200, the practical nurse (PN) learns that a client's 0900 dose of an anticonvulsant was not given. The next scheduled dose is at 2100. Which action should the PN take?

In providing care for a client with a nasogastric tube (NGT) connected to intermittent suction, which task can be assigned to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Exhibits Following the infusion of sodium chloride, the practical nurse (PN) does a focused assessment and documents the findings. Which three of the following client findings indicate that the client may still have a fluid volume deficit?

A client receives ondansetron prior to a chemotherapy treatment. How should the practical nurse evaluate the effectiveness of the medication?

While caring for a client one day following a thyroidectomy, the practical nurse (PN) notes that the client's voice is hoarse. Which action should the PN take?

In assessing a 2-year-old boy with croup, the practical nurse (PN) finds that he has become increasingly irritable and has developed tachypnea and resting stridor. Which intervention is best for the PN to implement?