A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?
She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.
There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.
The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.
She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Wearing gloves during breakfast service is not always required, and the focus should be on ensuring proper hand hygiene rather than glove use.
B. The hand rub should be completed in 20-30 seconds, and the UAP’s 2-minute hand rub is excessive. Proper hand hygiene techniques should be reinforced.
C. The UAP does not need to remain in the client's room during hand hygiene; the primary issue is the duration of the hand rub.
D. Inspecting the hands for cleanliness is not necessary if the hand hygiene practice is incorrect; instead, correcting the technique is more important.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Describing the procedure in detail can increase anxiety or focus the client on the pain rather than distracting them from it.
B. Asking the client to describe the pain could heighten their awareness of it, which is counterproductive to the goal of distraction.
C. Encouraging the client to reminisce about a favorite past family event is a distraction technique that shifts the client's focus away from the pain, helping to manage discomfort during the procedure.
D. Explaining alternative pain management strategies is useful but not a distraction technique; it does not provide immediate relief or shift the client's focus during the procedure.
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