A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?
She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.
There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.
The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.
She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Feeling for a carotid pulse is part of the assessment process but is not the first step in responding to an unresponsive client. Immediate action to summon emergency help is the priority.
B. Bringing a glucometer to the room is not appropriate at this stage. While checking blood glucose might be necessary, the first step is to get emergency assistance.
C. Obtaining emergency help is the most critical first step when encountering an unresponsive client. Emergency help ensures that appropriate interventions are initiated promptly.
D. Checking the blood pressure is part of a complete assessment but is not the most urgent action. The priority is to call for emergency assistance rather than performing further assessments.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Acceleration refers to a temporary increase in the fetal heart rate of at least 15 beats per minute above the baseline for at least 10 seconds. The observation of the fetal heart rate increasing 15 beats above baseline twice during the test indicates that accelerations are present, which is a reassuring sign of fetal well-being.
B. A nonreactive pattern would indicate that the test did not meet the criteria for accelerations or fetal heart rate reactivity, which is not the case here as the fetal heart rate did exhibit accelerations.
C. Fetal movement could contribute to accelerations but is not the term used to describe the findings of the test itself. The specific observation made was an increase in fetal heart rate, which is classified as an acceleration.
D. A positive tracing indicates that the nonstress test met criteria for fetal well-being, typically with at least two accelerations, but the correct term for the specific observation here is acceleration rather than describing the overall result.
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