The practical nurse (PN) enters the room of a client who underwent a mastectomy eight hours ago. The PN observes the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) preparing to measure the client's blood pressure using an automated blood pressure device on the client's operative side. Which action should the PN implement?

1. Clean the site using sterile gauze and sterile water.
   • Indicated: The turban dressing should be changed using sterile techniques to prevent infection and ensure proper wound care.
2. Place client in a private room.
   • Not Indicated: The client is already on contact precautions for MRSA, so the private room is a general requirement and not a specific intervention for the dressing change.
3. Avoid hand sanitizer after the procedure.
   • Not Indicated: Hand sanitizer is typically used before and after procedures. For MRSA contact precautions, hand hygiene is critical, and proper hand washing or using hand sanitizer is recommended after the procedure.
4. Place the soiled dressing in a red biohazard bag.
   • Indicated: The soiled dressing is considered contaminated and should be disposed of in a red biohazard bag to prevent the spread of infection.
5. Use sterile gloves to remove the old dressing.
   • Indicated: Sterile gloves are required for removing and replacing the dressing to maintain a sterile field and prevent infection.

A. 50% dextrose
50% dextrose is not isotonic; it is a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular space, which does not treat fluid volume deficit effectively.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride
0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cells, which would cause water to move into the cells rather than stay in the extracellular space to address fluid volume deficit.
C. 20% dextrose
20% dextrose is a hypertonic solution. It contains a higher concentration of dextrose compared to the extracellular fluid, which draws water into the extracellular space but is not used for treating fluid volume deficits.
D. 5% dextrose
5% dextrose (D5W) is initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once metabolized, as the dextrose is used up and only water remains. It is not suitable for continuous isotonic fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit.
E. 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride
5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. While it starts isotonic, it becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized, making it unsuitable for long-term isotonic fluid replacement.
F. 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's is a hypertonic solution. It contains both dextrose and electrolytes, which are not purely isotonic and may not be ideal for addressing fluid volume deficits on their own.
G. Lactated Ringer's
Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution. It has a similar osmolarity to plasma and is used for fluid volume replacement, helping to restore blood volume and maintain electrolyte balance.
H. 0.9% sodium chloride
0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same osmolarity as plasma and is commonly used for fluid volume replacement and maintaining hydration