A 5 ft 3 in (1.6 m), 113 lb (51.3 kg) client has a lipid profile of a total cholesterol of 267 mg/dL (6.92 mmol/L), a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 167 mg/dL (4.33 mmol/L), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 85 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L), triglycerides 79 mg/dL (0.89 mmol/L), and a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of 16 mg/dL (0.41 mmol/L). Based on these findings, it is most important for the nurse to teach the client to make every effort to completely avoid which foods?

Reference Range: Total Cholesterol [less than 200 mg/dL (less than 5.2 mmol/L)] LDL [less than 130 mg/dL (less than 3.4 mmol/L)] HDL [greater than 45 mg/dL (greater than 0.75 mmol/L)] VLDL [12 to 30 mg/dL (0.31 to 0.78 mmol/L)] Triglycerides [40 to 160 mg/dL (0.45 to 1.81 mmol/L)]

Cheese.

Eggs.

Nuts.

Shellfish.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Cheese is high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which can significantly impact lipid levels. For a client with elevated total cholesterol and LDL levels, it is crucial to avoid foods that can exacerbate these conditions. Saturated fats found in cheese can increase LDL cholesterol, contributing to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, avoiding cheese can help manage and reduce these lipid levels, promoting better heart health.

Choice B reason:

Eggs, particularly egg yolks, contain cholesterol, but recent studies suggest that dietary cholesterol has a smaller impact on blood cholesterol levels than previously thought. While moderation is key, eggs are not the primary concern compared to foods high in saturated fats like cheese. Therefore, while eggs should be consumed in moderation, they are not as critical to avoid as cheese for managing high cholesterol levels.

Choice C reason:

Nuts contain healthy fats, including unsaturated fats, which can actually help improve lipid profiles by lowering LDL cholesterol and raising HDL cholesterol. They are also a good source of protein and other nutrients. Therefore, nuts are not only safe but beneficial for someone managing their cholesterol levels, making them a good dietary choice.

Choice D reason:

Shellfish contain cholesterol, but like eggs, they have less impact on blood cholesterol levels compared to saturated fats. Additionally, shellfish are low in saturated fats and can be part of a heart-healthy diet when consumed in moderation. The primary dietary focus should be on reducing saturated fat intake, making shellfish less of a concern compared to cheese.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of Vitamin E, which is important for protecting cells from oxidative damage and supporting immune function. Encouraging the client to snack on sunflower seeds helps increase their intake of this essential nutrient. Sunflower seeds are also convenient and can be easily incorporated into the diet.

Choice B reason:

Frozen yogurt is not a significant source of Vitamin E. While it can be a healthy snack option, it does not provide the necessary nutrients to increase Vitamin E intake.

Choice C reason:

Cheese and crackers are not high in Vitamin E. While they can be part of a balanced diet, they do not contribute significantly to Vitamin E intake.

Choice D reason:

Fresh orange slices are rich in Vitamin C but not in Vitamin E. While oranges are a healthy snack, they do not help increase Vitamin E intake. The focus should be on foods that are specifically high in Vitamin E.

A. Pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup, and a turkey sausage patty. B. Scrambled eggs with roasted peppers and onions, lean ham, and toast. C. Oatmeal with raisins and nuts, with skim milk and 1/2 grapefruit. D. Poached egg, bacon, biscuit, and canned peaches in light syrup.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C reason:

Oatmeal with raisins and nuts, with skim milk and 1/2 grapefruit, is the best choice for reducing the risk of some cancers. Oatmeal is high in fiber, which has been linked to a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Raisins and nuts provide antioxidants and healthy fats, which can help protect cells from damage. Skim milk offers calcium, which is beneficial for bone health, and grapefruit is rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants that support the immune system and may help prevent cancer.

Choice A reason:

Pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup, and a turkey sausage patty, while containing some beneficial elements like blueberries, which are high in antioxidants, also include processed meats like turkey sausage. Processed meats have been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer. The high sugar content in maple syrup can also contribute to inflammation, which is not ideal for cancer prevention.

Choice B reason:

Scrambled eggs with roasted peppers and onions, lean ham, and toast provide a balanced meal with protein and vegetables. However, lean ham is a processed meat, which has been associated with an increased risk of cancer. While the vegetables offer beneficial nutrients, the presence of processed meat makes this option less ideal compared to the oatmeal choice.

Choice D reason:

Poached egg, bacon, biscuit, and canned peaches in light syrup include processed meats like bacon, which are linked to a higher risk of cancer. The biscuit is likely made from refined flour, which lacks the beneficial fiber found in whole grains. Canned peaches in light syrup contain added sugars, which can contribute to inflammation and are not recommended for cancer prevention.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client wants to increase intake of Vitamin E. Which snack should the nurse encourage?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is conducting a nutritional class on foods that have been linked to help decrease the development of some forms of cancer. Which meal selection is the best choice to help reduce the risk of some cancers?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is admitting an older adult client with possible malnutrition. Which parameters are most indicative of the client’s nutritional status?

The nurse is caring for a client who is obese and has been prescribed a whey protein concentrate as a dietary fat substitute. Which health history component is the most important for the nurse to review prior to the client beginning this prescription?

The nurse is planning a nutritional class for adequate daily intake of water. Which population of clients should drink the most amount of water to remain adequately hydrated?

A low-fat diet is prescribed for a client with heart disease. The nurse is reviewing the client’s food journal that includes plums, cherries, avocado, and peaches as between-meal snacks. Which action should the nurse implement?

A client expresses an interest in reducing intake of saturated fats and plans to stop eating hamburgers at lunch. Which menu item should the nurse suggest as an alternative source of protein?

When conducting diet teaching for a client who has iron-deficiency anemia, which foods should the nurse encourage the client to eat? (Select all that apply.)

A client has a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L). The nurse should encourage the client to make which selection from the lunch menu? Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]