Which statement by a nurse may undermine a patient’s feelings and belittle the patient’s concerns?

Choice A reason: Hypocalcemia may occur in AKI due to impaired vitamin D activation, but it is not a primary concern in the diuresis phase, where kidneys produce large urine volumes. Calcium imbalances are less immediate than fluid losses, which can rapidly destabilize hemodynamics during this phase.

Choice B reason: In the diuresis phase of AKI, kidneys regain function, producing excessive urine, which can lead to hypovolemia. Fluid loss depletes intravascular volume, causing hypotension, tachycardia, and organ hypoperfusion. Monitoring is critical to prevent dehydration and ensure adequate fluid replacement to maintain hemodynamic stability during recovery.

Choice C reason: Increased blood pressure is more common in the oliguric phase of AKI due to fluid overload. In the diuresis phase, excessive urine output reduces volume, potentially lowering blood pressure. Hypertension is not a typical complication during this phase, making it an incorrect focus for monitoring.

Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia is a concern in the oliguric phase of AKI due to reduced potassium excretion. In the diuresis phase, increased urine output facilitates potassium clearance, reducing hyperkalemia risk. Hypovolemia from excessive fluid loss is a more immediate concern during this phase of AKI recovery.

Choice A reason: White crystals (uremic frost) and yellowish skin in CKD indicate severe uremia due to toxin accumulation from impaired kidney function. Applying medicated lotion addresses skin symptoms but does not treat the underlying uremia, which can lead to life-threatening complications like metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, or encephalopathy. This action is secondary to addressing systemic toxicity through dialysis.

Choice B reason: Elevated BUN, creatinine, and uremic frost signify advanced CKD with uremia, requiring urgent dialysis to remove toxins and excess fluids. Notifying the provider ensures timely intervention to prevent complications such as seizures, coma, or cardiac arrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances and toxin buildup, making this the priority action for patient safety.

Choice C reason: A cardiac monitor detects arrhythmias, which may occur in CKD due to hyperkalemia or fluid overload. However, monitoring alone does not address the root cause of uremia. Without dialysis to correct metabolic imbalances, arrhythmias may persist or worsen, making this action less urgent than initiating dialysis to stabilize the patient’s condition.

Choice D reason: Assessing a fistula for bruit and thrill ensures vascular access patency for dialysis. While important, it is not the priority when uremic symptoms are present, as dialysis orders must be secured first to address the acute uremic state and prevent life-threatening complications like encephalopathy or cardiac arrest due to toxin accumulation.