Which response by the patient would indicate to the nurse that the client understood the education for their new hydrochlorothiazide prescription?
Fluids should be limited to 1000 mL daily
This medication is best taken at night
Dairy products should be avoided while on this medication
I will consume high potassium foods such as bananas and oranges
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because fluids should not be limited to 1000 mL daily for a client taking hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that causes the body to lose water and salt through urine. Limiting fluids can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and kidney damage. The client should drink enough fluids to prevent thirst and dry mouth, and follow the doctor's advice on fluid intake.
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because this medication is not best taken at night for a client taking hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide can cause frequent urination, which can disrupt the sleep cycle and cause fatigue. The client should take this medication in the morning or at least 4 hours before bedtime to avoid nocturia (nighttime urination).
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because dairy products should not be avoided while on this medication for a client taking hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide can lower the level of calcium in the blood, which can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and osteoporosis. Dairy products are a good source of calcium and can help prevent calcium deficiency. The client should consume adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D, and have their blood calcium level checked regularly.
Choice D reason: This choice is correct because the client should consume high potassium foods such as bananas and oranges while on this medication. Hydrochlorothiazide can lower the level of potassium in the blood, which can cause irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness, and numbness. Potassium-rich foods can help prevent potassium deficiency and maintain normal heart and muscle function. The client should also have their blood potassium level checked regularly and avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because checking the apical heart rate before taking calcium channel blockers is not necessary for most patients. Calcium channel blockers are a group of medications that relax and widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and slow the heart rate. They are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The nurse should check the apical heart rate only if the patient has a history of bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block (a problem with the electrical conduction of the heart).
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not cause increased blood pressure, but rather lower it. Blurred vision is not a common side effect of calcium channel blockers, and it may indicate other problems, such as eye infection, glaucoma, or stroke. The nurse should instruct the patient to report any changes in vision, but not to associate them with calcium channel blockers.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not affect cholesterol levels, and the time of day they are taken does not matter. Cholesterol is a type of fat that circulates in the blood and can build up in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries). Cholesterol levels are influenced by diet, exercise, genetics, and other medications, such as statins. The nurse should advise the patient to follow a healthy lifestyle and take any prescribed medications for cholesterol control.
Choice D reason: This choice is correct because grapefruit juice can interact with some calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem, and increase their blood levels and effects. This can cause serious side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, headache, flushing, and edema (swelling). The nurse should warn the patient to avoid grapefruit juice and any products that contain grapefruit while taking calcium channel blockers.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Maintaining a healthy weight is important for lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity is associated with higher levels of LDL-cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol) and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol). Losing weight can improve these ratios and lower blood pressure. ¹
Choice B reason: Avoiding cigarettes and other nicotine products is essential for preventing cardiovascular disease. Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Smoking also lowers HDL-cholesterol and raises triglycerides, another type of fat in the blood. Quitting smoking can improve cholesterol levels and lower the risk of heart attack and stroke. ²
Choice C reason: Importance of regular exercise is another key factor for improving cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health. Exercise helps to lower LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol, as well as lower blood pressure and blood sugar. Exercise also strengthens the heart muscle and improves blood flow. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or a combination of both. ³
Choice D reason: Positive stress management techniques are not directly related to cholesterol levels or statin medications, but they may have some benefits for cardiovascular health. Stress can increase blood pressure and heart rate, and may trigger unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, drinking, or overeating. Stress can also affect the immune system and inflammation, which may contribute to atherosclerosis. Learning to cope with stress in healthy ways, such as meditation, yoga, breathing exercises, or counseling, may help to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. ⁴
Choice E reason: Healthy low fat diet options are an important part of lowering cholesterol levels and preventing cardiovascular disease. A diet that is high in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol can raise LDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol. A diet that is low in fat and high in fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can lower LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol. Some foods, such as oats, nuts, soy, and fish, may have additional benefits for cholesterol levels. .
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