Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate when parents of a client recently diagnosed with Down syndrome express guilt about causing the condition?

"Down syndrome is a condition caused by an extra chromosome; the cause of it is unknown."

"Down syndrome is a condition that is carried on the X chromosome, so it came from the mother."

"Down syndrome is caused by birth trauma, not by genetics."

"Down syndrome is a condition that is genetically transmitted from both the father and the mother."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This response is the most appropriate as it correctly identifies Down syndrome as a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome and acknowledges that the exact cause of the chromosomal abnormality is unknown.

Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because Down syndrome is not carried on the X chromosome nor is it inherited from the mother alone.

Choice C reason: This statement is false; Down syndrome is not caused by birth trauma but is a genetic disorder.

Choice D reason: This choice is misleading; while genetics play a role in Down syndrome, it is not typically inherited from both parents in the way this choice suggests.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical of Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by bowel obstruction.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life and abdominal distension are classic signs of Hirschsprung disease.
Choice C reason: Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes could be signs of other conditions but are not specific to Hirschsprung disease.
Choice D reason: Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception rather than Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease typically presents with a failure to pass stool and abdominal distension.

A. High-pitched cry. B. Decreased lower extremity movement. C. Excessive wet diapers. D. Bulging fontanel when crying.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: While a high-pitched cry can be a sign of distress, it is not a specific indicator of increased intracranial pressure.
Choice B reason: Decreased movement in the lower extremities can indicate a neurological issue but is not a specific sign of increased intracranial pressure.
Choice C reason: Excessive wet diapers are not related to intracranial pressure.
Choice D reason: This is the correct choice. A bulging fontanel, especially when crying, can indicate increased intracranial pressure in an infant. It is important to monitor for other signs and symptoms as well.

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Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate when parents of a client recently diagnosed with Down syndrome express guilt about causing the condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What notable sign most likely indicates increased intracranial pressure in an infant?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with an arterial ischemic leg ulcer is being discharged from the hospital. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in this client's discharge teaching plan?

A patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) reports to the nurse that they feel constantly thirsty. Which action should the nurse take?

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