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Which patient(s) would be able to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant safely? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A.

24 year old woman with allergic rhinitis

B.

18 year old man with cold symptoms

C.

64 year old woman with a history of heart disease

D.

70 year old woman with glaucoma

E.

56 year old man with prostatic hypertrophy

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B

A. 24-year-old woman with allergic rhinitis:

Likely safe to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant as allergic rhinitis is a common indication for decongestant use in young, healthy individuals.

B. 18-year-old man with cold symptoms:

Likely safe to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant as it's a common indication for decongestant use in young, healthy individuals.

C. 64-year-old woman with a history of heart disease:

Should avoid alpha-adrenergic decongestants due to the risk of increasing blood pressure and potentially worsening heart conditions.

D. 70-year-old woman with glaucoma:

Should avoid alpha-adrenergic decongestants due to the risk of exacerbating glaucoma by causing pupil dilation and increasing intraocular pressure.

E. 56-year-old man with prostatic hypertrophy:

Should avoid alpha-adrenergic decongestants due to the risk of worsening urinary symptoms caused by prostatic hypertrophy, such as urinary retention.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

First, we need to find out how many milligrams (mg) are in 1 milliliter (mL) of the available diphenhydramine solution:

12.5 mg/5 mL

To find out how many milligrams are in 1 mL, we divide the total milligrams by the total milliliters:

12.5 mg ÷ 5 mL = 2.5 mg/mL

Now that we know the concentration of diphenhydramine is 2.5 mg/mL, we can calculate the dose needed for the order of 25 mg:

25 mg ÷ 2.5 mg/mL = 10 mL

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (< 7.35) and a decreased bicarbonate level (< 22 mEq/L). In this scenario, the pH is low (7.22), but the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which does not support a diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.

B. Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg), leading to a decrease in pH (< 7.35). In this case, the pH is low (7.22), and the PaCO2 is elevated (68 mm Hg), consistent with respiratory acidosis.

C. Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (> 7.45) and an elevated bicarbonate level (> 26 mEq/L). In this scenario, the pH is low (7.22), and the bicarbonate level is also elevated (28 mEq/L), which does not support a diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis.

D. Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a decrease in carbon dioxide (PaCO2 < 35 mm Hg), leading to an increase in pH (> 7.45). In this case, the pH is low (7.22), and the PaCO2 is elevated (68 mm Hg), which is not consistent with respiratory alkalosis.

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