Which patient(s) would be able to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant safely? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Dyspnea: Dyspneais a hallmark symptom of emphysema. As lung function deteriorates, the client experiences difficulty breathing, especially during exertion, due to reduced gas exchange and air trapping in the lungs.

B. Barrel chest:A barrel chest is a common finding in emphysema due to hyperinflation of the lungs over time. This causes the chest to become rounded and expands the anterior-posterior diameter of the thorax.

C. Clubbing of the fingers: Clubbing of the fingers is not a typical finding in emphysema or COPD. It is more commonly associated with conditions like lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, or congenital heart disease, where chronic severe hypoxia is present.

D. Shallow respirations:Clients with emphysema often exhibit shallow respirations as their lung elasticity decreases, making it difficult to fully exhale. As a result, breathing may become more rapid and shallow to compensate for poor oxygen exchange.

E. Bradycardia: Bradycardiais not typically associated with emphysema. Instead, clients with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema may experience tachycardiaas the body tries to compensate for low oxygen levels.

A. Fatigue

When collecting data from a client with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the nurse should expect to observe fatigue as one of the common manifestations. TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. Fatigue is a typical symptom experienced by individuals with TB, often resulting from the body's immune response to the infection, as well as the systemic effects of inflammation and tissue damage caused by the bacteria.

B. High fever in the early morning

While fever is a symptom of tuberculosis, it may not necessarily occur specifically in the early morning. Fever associated with TB can occur at any time of the day and may persist for weeks to months. The pattern of fever can vary among individuals and may not consistently occur in the early morning.

C. Edema

Edema, or swelling due to fluid accumulation in tissues, is not typically associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Edema is more commonly observed in conditions such as heart failure, renal failure, or liver disease, rather than in TB.

D. Increased appetite

Increased appetite is not a typical finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. In fact, individuals with active TB infection often experience appetite loss and unintended weight loss due to factors such as decreased food intake, metabolic changes, and systemic inflammation associated with the infection.