A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Spoon nails

Spoon nails, also known as koilonychia, refer to a concave or spoon-shaped deformity of the nails. This finding is associated with conditions such as iron deficiency anemia or certain systemic diseases, but it is not specifically associated with COPD.

B. Peripheral edema

Peripheral edema, or swelling of the extremities, is not a typical finding in COPD. It may occur in conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease, but it is not directly related to COPD unless there are comorbid conditions contributing to fluid retention.

C. Pleural friction rub

Pleural friction rub refers to a creaking or grating sound heard on auscultation of the lungs, typically during inspiration and expiration. It occurs when the inflamed pleural surfaces rub against each other. While pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural space) may occur as a complication of COPD, pleural friction rub is not a typical finding in uncomplicated COPD.

D. Barrel chest

Barrel chest is a common finding in clients with COPD. It refers to an increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest, giving it a rounded appearance similar to that of a barrel. This occurs due to hyperinflation of the lungs, which is characteristic of COPD, particularly in advanced stages. The hyperinflation leads to chronic air trapping and increased residual volume in the lungs, causing the chest to become enlarged and rounded.

A. Facial flushing

Facial flushing is not typically associated with atelectasis. Instead, it may occur in conditions such as oxygen toxicity or fever.

B. Increasing dyspnea

Atelectasis is a condition characterized by the collapse or partial collapse of a portion of the lung. Common findings in a client with atelectasis include increasing dyspnea (shortness of breath) due to impaired gas exchange and reduced lung function. As the affected lung tissue collapses, ventilation and oxygenation are compromised, leading to difficulty breathing.

C. Decreasing respiratory rate

A decreasing respiratory rate is not typically observed in a client with atelectasis. Instead, respiratory rate may increase as the body attempts to compensate for the impaired gas exchange and oxygenation resulting from lung collapse.

D. Dry cough

While coughing is a common symptom of atelectasis, it is typically associated with a productive cough rather than a dry cough. A dry cough is more commonly associated with conditions such as viral respiratory infections or allergic reactions. In atelectasis, the cough may be productive as the body attempts to clear mucus or other secretions from the affected airways.