Which of the following would the nurse emphasize when teaching the client and family about measures to prevent reinfection and the transmission of a parasitic infection to others?

Choice A rationale:

Anthelmintic drugs are contraindicated in patients who are pregnant because these drugs can potentially harm the developing fetus. Many anthelmintic drugs have not been studied extensively in pregnant women, and their safety in pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid using anthelmintic drugs in pregnant patients to minimize potential risks to both the mother and the fetus.

Choice B rationale:

Anthelmintic drugs should be used cautiously in patients with myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Some anthelmintic drugs may have neuromuscular side effects, which can worsen the symptoms in individuals with myasthenia gravis. Therefore, caution is warranted when considering anthelmintic therapy in these patients.

Choice C rationale:

Clinical depression is not a contraindication for anthelmintic drugs. While some side effects of anthelmintic drugs may include mood changes or psychiatric symptoms, these drugs are primarily used to treat parasitic infections and are not contraindicated in patients with clinical depression. The benefits of treating the parasitic infection may outweigh the potential psychiatric side effects.

Choice D rationale:

Children younger than 15 years are not necessarily contraindicated for anthelmintic drugs. The choice of anthelmintic therapy in pediatric patients should be based on the specific drug, the type of parasitic infection, and the age and weight of the child. Anthelmintic drugs are often used in children to treat parasitic infections, but the choice of drug and the dosing regimen should be carefully selected based on individual patient characteristics.

Choice A rationale:

Nizatidine is not a proton pump inhibitor; it is an H2 receptor antagonist. It works by blocking the histamine H2 receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work differently by directly inhibiting the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) responsible for acid secretion in the stomach.

Choice B rationale:

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). PPIs are drugs that reduce gastric acid production by inhibiting the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) in the parietal cells of the stomach. This action is highly effective in treating conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.

Choice C rationale:

Sucralfate is not a proton pump inhibitor; it is a medication that forms a protective barrier over ulcers and erosions in the stomach and intestines. It does not directly affect acid production.

Choice D rationale:

Misoprostol is not a proton pump inhibitor; it is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog. It is primarily used to prevent gastric ulcers in individuals who are at high risk due to chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. It has a protective effect on the gastric mucosa but does not inhibit acid secretion.