After reviewing information about lincosamide therapy, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a contraindication?

Choice A rationale:

Tapeworm. Tapeworm infections are caused by parasites known as cestodes. Antiprotozoal drugs are primarily used to treat infections caused by protozoa, which are a different type of pathogen. Tapeworms are not protozoa; they are classified as helminths. Therefore, using antiprotozoal drugs for tapeworm infections is not indicated.

Choice B rationale:

Aspergillosis. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species. Antiprotozoal drugs are not effective against fungal infections. They are designed to target protozoa, which are a different group of microorganisms. Therefore, antiprotozoal drugs are not indicated for the treatment of aspergillosis.

Choice D rationale:

Cryptococcal meningitis. Cryptococcal meningitis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Like aspergillosis, it is caused by a fungus, not a protozoan parasite. Antiprotozoal drugs are not appropriate for the treatment of fungal infections. Therefore, the use of antiprotozoal drugs is not indicated for cryptosporidium meningitis.

Choice C rationale:

Giardiasis. Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia. Antiprotozoal drugs, such as metronidazole, are effective in treating giardiasis. These drugs target protozoa and disrupt their cellular functions, making them a suitable choice for the treatment of giardiasis.

Choice A rationale:

Long-term therapy is not typically used for household members and close associates of a client with TB. It is primarily used for treating active tuberculosis in the patient.

Choice B rationale:

Latent therapy is used to treat individuals who have latent TB infection but are not actively spreading the disease. It is not used for household members and close associates to prevent the spread.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct answer. DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) therapy is a method used to ensure that patients with TB take their medications as prescribed. Household members and close associates may be asked to help ensure the patient's adherence to therapy by directly observing them take their medications, thus preventing the spread of the disease.

Choice D rationale:

Short-term therapy is not a specific term used in the context of TB treatment. The most appropriate choice for preventing the spread of TB among household members and close associates is DOT therapy.