Which of the following would reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin?

Alcohol

Intense physical exertion

Fruit juices, in particular grapefruit juice

Antacids or mineral supplements

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.Alcohol:

Alcohol consumption does not directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, alcohol can interact with certain medications and may exacerbate side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal upset. It’s generally advisable to avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking ciprofloxacin, but alcohol itself does not significantly affect the absorption of the medication.

B. Intense physical exertion:

Intense physical exertion is unlikely to directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, gastrointestinal motility may increase during intense exercise, potentially affecting the absorption of oral medications. In some cases, gastrointestinal disturbances associated with physical exertion may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin, but this effect is generally minor and not a significant concern for most individuals.

C. Fruit juices, in particular grapefruit juice:

Grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting intestinal enzymes responsible for drug metabolism, leading to increased drug concentrations in the bloodstream. However, ciprofloxacin is not significantly affected by grapefruit juice. In fact, fruit juices, including grapefruit juice, are generally not known to reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.

D. Antacids or mineral supplements:

Antacids and mineral supplements containing aluminum, magnesium, calcium, or iron can significantly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin when taken concurrently. These substances can form complexes with ciprofloxacin in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing its bioavailability. Therefore, it’s recommended to avoid taking antacids or mineral supplements containing these minerals within a few hours before or after taking ciprofloxacin to avoid interference with its absorption.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Headaches:

Headaches are a common symptom that can occur for various reasons, including stress, tension, dehydration, or as a side effect of medications. While headaches can sometimes occur as a side effect of certain drugs, they are not specific indicators of a drug allergy. Allergic reactions to medications typically involve other symptoms such as rash, hives, itching, swelling, or respiratory symptoms.

B. Hives or shortness of breath:

Hives (urticaria) are raised, red, itchy welts on the skin that can occur as an allergic reaction to medications. They are a common manifestation of drug allergies. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) can occur as part of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms, including difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat or tongue, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure. Both hives and shortness of breath are significant signs of a potential drug allergy and require immediate attention.

C. Diarrhea:

Diarrhea can occur as a side effect of medications, including antibiotics. However, it is not typically a specific indicator of a drug allergy. Diarrhea is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal disturbances or as a reaction to changes in gut flora due to antibiotic use.

D. Nausea:

Nausea is a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics. While it can be bothersome, nausea alone is not a specific indicator of a drug allergy. Allergic reactions to medications typically involve other symptoms such as rash, hives, itching, swelling, or respiratory symptoms.

A. Discoloration of body fluids B. Ototoxicity C. Red-man syndrome D. Nephrotoxicity

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Discoloration of body fluids:

Vancomycin can cause discoloration of body fluids, particularly urine, resulting in a brownish discoloration. However, this is not caused by histamine release.

B. Ototoxicity:

Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear structures leading to hearing loss or balance problems. While vancomycin can cause ototoxicity, it is not specifically associated with histamine release.

C. Red-man syndrome

Red-man syndrome, also known as red-neck syndrome or red-person syndrome, is a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by flushing of the skin, particularly the upper body and face, resembling a "red man." This reaction is typically associated with the rapid infusion of vancomycin and is caused by the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils. It is not an allergic reaction but rather a non-immunologic response to vancomycin.

D. Nephrotoxicity:

Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage caused by certain medications or toxins. While vancomycin can cause nephrotoxicity, it is not specifically associated with histamine release.

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Which of the following would reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Before starting antimicrobial therapy, the nurse assesses a patient for possible drug allergy. Which of the following complaints should alert the nurse to a drug allergy?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which adverse effect unique to vancomycin is caused by histamine release?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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