Which of the following types of patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity?

Immunocompromised patients

Immunocompetent patients

Infants and elderly patients

Patients who have allergic reactions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Immunocompromised patients:

Immunocompromised patients, whose immune systems are weakened or impaired, are indeed more vulnerable to drug toxicity. This vulnerability can be due to factors such as decreased ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs, increased susceptibility to infections and opportunistic pathogens, and impaired organ function, particularly in the liver and kidneys, which are involved in drug metabolism and excretion.

B. Immunocompetent patients:

Immunocompetent patients have normal immune function and are generally less vulnerable to drug toxicity compared to immunocompromised individuals. However, susceptibility to drug toxicity can still vary depending on factors such as age, underlying health conditions, renal and hepatic function, and concurrent use of other medications.

C. Infants and elderly patients:

Infants and elderly patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity due to factors such as immature or declining organ function, altered drug metabolism and elimination, and differences in body composition. In infants, organ systems are still developing, while in elderly patients, age-related changes can affect drug pharmacokinetics and increase the risk of adverse reactions.

D. Patients who have allergic reactions:

Patients who have allergic reactions may experience adverse drug reactions if they are exposed to the offending medication again. However, this does not necessarily make them more vulnerable to drug toxicity in general. Allergic reactions are specific immune responses and differ from drug toxicity, which can occur due to various mechanisms unrelated to allergies.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The herbal product must contain only one active ingredient:

This statement is not a legal requirement contained in DSHEA. Many dietary supplements contain multiple active ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and other substances. DSHEA does not mandate that dietary supplements contain only one active ingredient.

B. Effectiveness must be demonstrated by the manufacturer:

DSHEA does not require manufacturers to demonstrate the effectiveness of dietary supplements before marketing. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, which must undergo premarket approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to demonstrate safety and efficacy, dietary supplements do not need to prove effectiveness to be marketed. Instead, manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety of their products and making truthful claims on product labels.

C. Dietary supplements must state that the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease:

This statement accurately reflects a legal requirement contained in DSHEA. Under DSHEA, dietary supplement labels must include a disclaimer stating that the product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This disclaimer helps to clarify that dietary supplements are intended to support general health and well-being rather than to treat specific diseases or medical conditions.

D. Dietary supplements must be tested for safety prior to marketing:

While DSHEA requires manufacturers to ensure the safety of their dietary supplements, it does not mandate standardized premarket testing for safety by regulatory authorities. Instead, manufacturers are responsible for conducting safety assessments and ensuring that their products are safe for consumers. The FDA may take action against manufacturers if a product is found to be unsafe or if it violates regulatory requirements, but premarket testing is not a specific legal requirement under DSHEA.

Correct Answer is ["125"]

Explanation

To calculate the rate at which the IV pump should be set to deliver 3,000 mL of intravenous fluids over 24 hours, you would divide the total volume (3,000 mL) by the total time (24 hours):

Rate (mL/hr) = Total volume (mL) / Total time (hours)

Rate = 3,000 mL / 24 hours

Rate ≈ 125 mL/hr

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the IV pump should be set to deliver approximately 125 mL/hr.

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Which of the following types of patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a legal requirement contained in the DSHEA?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is assisting with care of a client who has a prescription for 3,000 mL of intravenous fluids over the next 24 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number)

Correct Answer is ["125"]

Explanation

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