Which of the following types of patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity?

Immunocompromised patients

Immunocompetent patients

Infants and elderly patients

Patients who have allergic reactions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Immunocompromised patients:

Immunocompromised patients, whose immune systems are weakened or impaired, are indeed more vulnerable to drug toxicity. This vulnerability can be due to factors such as decreased ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs, increased susceptibility to infections and opportunistic pathogens, and impaired organ function, particularly in the liver and kidneys, which are involved in drug metabolism and excretion.

B. Immunocompetent patients:

Immunocompetent patients have normal immune function and are generally less vulnerable to drug toxicity compared to immunocompromised individuals. However, susceptibility to drug toxicity can still vary depending on factors such as age, underlying health conditions, renal and hepatic function, and concurrent use of other medications.

C. Infants and elderly patients:

Infants and elderly patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity due to factors such as immature or declining organ function, altered drug metabolism and elimination, and differences in body composition. In infants, organ systems are still developing, while in elderly patients, age-related changes can affect drug pharmacokinetics and increase the risk of adverse reactions.

D. Patients who have allergic reactions:

Patients who have allergic reactions may experience adverse drug reactions if they are exposed to the offending medication again. However, this does not necessarily make them more vulnerable to drug toxicity in general. Allergic reactions are specific immune responses and differ from drug toxicity, which can occur due to various mechanisms unrelated to allergies.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Kanamycin (Kantrex):

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, but it is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for MRSA infections. Aminoglycosides are not typically preferred for treating MRSA because they are not as effective against these resistant bacteria compared to other agents like vancomycin.

B. Vancomycin:

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic and is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA infections, including serious bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in bacteria, including MRSA.

C. Streptomycin:

Streptomycin is another aminoglycoside antibiotic, similar to kanamycin. Like kanamycin, streptomycin is not typically used as a first-line treatment for MRSA infections because it is less effective against resistant strains compared to other agents like vancomycin.

D. Penicillin:

Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics are ineffective against MRSA because MRSA is resistant to these antibiotics, including methicillin. Therefore, penicillin would not be an appropriate choice for treating MRSA infections.

A. Alcohol B. Intense physical exertion C. Fruit juices, in particular grapefruit juice D. Antacids or mineral supplements

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A.Alcohol:

Alcohol consumption does not directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, alcohol can interact with certain medications and may exacerbate side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal upset. It’s generally advisable to avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking ciprofloxacin, but alcohol itself does not significantly affect the absorption of the medication.

B. Intense physical exertion:

Intense physical exertion is unlikely to directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, gastrointestinal motility may increase during intense exercise, potentially affecting the absorption of oral medications. In some cases, gastrointestinal disturbances associated with physical exertion may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin, but this effect is generally minor and not a significant concern for most individuals.

C. Fruit juices, in particular grapefruit juice:

Grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting intestinal enzymes responsible for drug metabolism, leading to increased drug concentrations in the bloodstream. However, ciprofloxacin is not significantly affected by grapefruit juice. In fact, fruit juices, including grapefruit juice, are generally not known to reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.

D. Antacids or mineral supplements:

Antacids and mineral supplements containing aluminum, magnesium, calcium, or iron can significantly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin when taken concurrently. These substances can form complexes with ciprofloxacin in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing its bioavailability. Therefore, it’s recommended to avoid taking antacids or mineral supplements containing these minerals within a few hours before or after taking ciprofloxacin to avoid interference with its absorption.

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Which of the following types of patients are more vulnerable to drug toxicity?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following would reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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