A client has been prescribed an antibiotic and overhears the prescriber talking about acquired resistance. The client asks the nurse what this means. What is the nurse's best statement regarding acquired resistance?

A. Penicillins:

Penicillins are a class of antibiotics commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. While they are generally well-tolerated and have a low incidence of adverse effects, they are not typically associated with cartilage toxicity or tendon rupture, including the Achilles tendon.

B. Fluoroquinolones:

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics known for their effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria. However, they are associated with several significant adverse effects, including cartilage toxicity and tendon rupture. These adverse effects, particularly tendon rupture, are most commonly observed in weight-bearing tendons such as the Achilles tendon. Fluoroquinolones should be used cautiously, especially in populations at higher risk for tendon injuries.

C. Aminoglycosides:

Aminoglycosides are another class of antibiotics used to treat severe bacterial infections. While they have their own set of potential adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, they are not associated with cartilage toxicity or tendon rupture.

D. Sulfonamides:

Sulfonamides are antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of folate. While they can cause various adverse effects, including skin reactions and hematologic abnormalities, they are not associated with cartilage toxicity or tendon rupture.

A.Alcohol:

Alcohol consumption does not directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, alcohol can interact with certain medications and may exacerbate side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal upset. It’s generally advisable to avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking ciprofloxacin, but alcohol itself does not significantly affect the absorption of the medication.

B. Intense physical exertion:

Intense physical exertion is unlikely to directly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. However, gastrointestinal motility may increase during intense exercise, potentially affecting the absorption of oral medications. In some cases, gastrointestinal disturbances associated with physical exertion may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin, but this effect is generally minor and not a significant concern for most individuals.

C. Fruit juices, in particular grapefruit juice:

Grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting intestinal enzymes responsible for drug metabolism, leading to increased drug concentrations in the bloodstream. However, ciprofloxacin is not significantly affected by grapefruit juice. In fact, fruit juices, including grapefruit juice, are generally not known to reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.

D. Antacids or mineral supplements:

Antacids and mineral supplements containing aluminum, magnesium, calcium, or iron can significantly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin when taken concurrently. These substances can form complexes with ciprofloxacin in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing its bioavailability. Therefore, it’s recommended to avoid taking antacids or mineral supplements containing these minerals within a few hours before or after taking ciprofloxacin to avoid interference with its absorption.