A patient asks the nurse to define hypersensitivity reaction. The nurse begins by telling the patient that a hypersensitivity reaction is also called:

antagonistic reaction

drug idiosyncracy

synergistic reaction

allergic reaction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Antagonistic reaction:

An antagonistic reaction refers to a response where one substance opposes the action of another substance. In the context of hypersensitivity reactions, this term does not accurately describe the immune system's response to an allergen. Hypersensitivity reactions involve an overreaction of the immune system to a harmless substance, rather than opposing actions between substances. Therefore, choice A is not the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions.

B. Drug idiosyncrasy:

Drug idiosyncrasy refers to an unusual or unexpected response to a medication that is not related to the known pharmacological properties of the drug or the patient's characteristics. While idiosyncratic drug reactions can sometimes involve immune-mediated mechanisms, they are not synonymous with hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions specifically involve the immune system's exaggerated response to an allergen, which may or may not be a medication. Therefore, while drug idiosyncrasy may involve unpredictable reactions, it does not specifically address the immune-mediated nature of hypersensitivity reactions.

C. Synergistic reaction:

A synergistic reaction occurs when the combined effect of two substances is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In the context of hypersensitivity reactions, this term does not accurately describe the immune system's response to an allergen. Hypersensitivity reactions involve an exaggerated response of the immune system to an allergen, rather than a synergistic interaction between substances. Therefore, choice C is not the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions.

D. Allergic reaction:

An allergic reaction is the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions involve the immune system's exaggerated response to a harmless substance, known as an allergen. This response can manifest in various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity and the nature of the allergen. Allergic reactions can affect different organ systems and can be triggered by a wide range of substances, including foods, medications, environmental allergens, and insect venom. Therefore, choice D accurately describes hypersensitivity reactions.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Doxycycline:

Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is effective against anthrax. It is commonly used for post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax infections.

B. Penicillin:

Penicillin is not typically the first-line antibiotic for treating anthrax. While some strains of Bacillus anthracis may be susceptible to penicillin, other antibiotics like doxycycline or ciprofloxacin are preferred due to their broader spectrum of activity and better penetration into tissues.

C. Oxytetracycline (Terramycin):

Oxytetracycline is another tetracycline antibiotic similar to doxycycline. Like doxycycline, oxytetracycline is effective against anthrax and can be used for post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax infections.

D. Ciprofloxacin:

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is effective against anthrax. It is commonly used as an alternative to doxycycline for post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax infections, particularly for individuals who cannot tolerate tetracyclines.

Correct Answer is ["50"]

Explanation

To calculate the infusion rate in gtt/min, the nurse needs to use the formula:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = Volume (mL) x Drop factor (gtt/mL) / Time (min)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = 400 mL x 60 gtt/mL / 480 min

Simplifying, we get:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = 50 gtt/min

Therefore, the nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver 50 gtt/min.

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A patient asks the nurse to define hypersensitivity reaction. The nurse begins by telling the patient that a hypersensitivity reaction is also called:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client enters the emergency department with suspected exposure to anthrax. The physician confirms this suspicion and orders the client an antibiotic. Which medication would the nurse expect the physician to order?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["50"]

Explanation

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