Which of the following statements by the patient indicates correct understanding of postoperative hip precautions?

“I should turn my toes inward when lying down.”

“I can bend my hip more than 90 degrees when sitting in a chair.”

“I should cross my legs when sitting to improve circulation."

“I should use an abduction pillow between my legs while in bed."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. “I should turn my toes inward when lying down.” Internal rotation of the hip increases the risk of dislocation and should be avoided.

B. “I can bend my hip more than 90 degrees when sitting in a chair.” Flexing the hip beyond 90 degrees increases dislocation risk and should be avoided.

C. “I should cross my legs when sitting to improve circulation." Crossing the legs can lead to hip adduction and dislocation. Instead, legs should remain apart.

D. “I should use an abduction pillow between my legs while in bed.” An abduction pillow keeps the legs in proper alignment and prevents dislocation by maintaining slight abduction.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Deep Tissue Injury. Deep tissue injuries appear as intact or discolored skin (purple or maroon) due to underlying soft tissue damage. This wound is already open with slough, so it does not fit this category.

B. Stage III Pressure Ulcer. A Stage III pressure ulcer involves full-thickness skin loss with visible subcutaneous tissue, but the wound depth must be assessable. Since the slough covers the wound, the depth cannot be determined.

C. Unstageable Pressure Ulcer. An unstageable pressure ulcer is one where the base of the wound is covered with slough or eschar, preventing assessment of the full depth of tissue damage. Until the slough is removed, the stage cannot be determined.

D. Stage II Pressure Ulcer. A Stage II ulcer has partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, often appearing as an open blister or shallow wound. The presence of thick slough suggests deeper involvement, making this an incorrect classification.

A. "Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing." B. "Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi." C. "Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange." D. "Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing." Pneumonia impairs oxygen exchange by causing alveolar inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to decreased oxygenation and difficulty breathing.

B. "Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi." Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the alveoli, not the upper respiratory tract or bronchi.

C. "Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange." Pneumonia leads to alveolar inflammation, exudate production, and fluid accumulation, which impair gas exchange and result in hypoxia.

D. "Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised." While immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk, pneumonia can affect anyone, including healthy individuals, especially in cases of bacterial or viral infections.

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Which of the following statements by the patient indicates correct understanding of postoperative hip precautions?

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