Which of the following is the goal of monitoring peak and trough levels during antibacterial therapy?

A. She only has one functioning kidney:

This choice is the most significant consideration when prescribing vancomycin to Mrs. Oza. Vancomycin is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. Individuals with reduced kidney function, such as Mrs. Oza with only one functioning kidney, have a higher risk of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). Therefore, her renal status is crucial information for determining the appropriate dosage of vancomycin and monitoring for any signs of kidney impairment during treatment.

B. She remains outdoors for long periods of time:

While spending time outdoors for long periods may have implications for Mrs. Oza's overall health, it is not directly relevant to the prescription of vancomycin. This information may be important for considering sun exposure, hydration, and other factors related to her arthritis and general well-being, but it does not specifically impact the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of vancomycin.

C. She has hypertension:

Mrs. Oza's hypertension is a relevant medical condition to consider in her overall health management. However, hypertension alone does not directly affect the prescription of vancomycin. Hypertension may influence the choice of antihypertensive medications or other aspects of her medical care, but it does not have a direct impact on the renal clearance or potential nephrotoxicity of vancomycin.

D. She enjoys an alcoholic beverage twice a week:

While alcohol consumption can interact with certain medications and impact overall health, it is not the most significant consideration when prescribing vancomycin to Mrs. Oza. Moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to directly affect the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of vancomycin. However, excessive alcohol intake may contribute to liver dysfunction, which could indirectly influence drug metabolism. Nonetheless, in Mrs. Oza's case, her reduced renal function is a more critical factor to consider when prescribing vancomycin.

A. By assessing the temperature every 4 hours:

Monitoring temperature every 4 hours is a common practice in hospitalized patients to detect fever, which could indicate an infection or an inflammatory response. However, this method does not directly assess the therapeutic blood levels of vancomycin. Fever alone does not provide specific information about the effectiveness or concentration of the antibiotic in the bloodstream.

B. By repeating a culture and sensitivity test on day 3:

Culture and sensitivity tests involve taking a sample from the patient (such as blood, urine, or sputum) and growing the microorganisms in a laboratory to identify the causative organism and determine its susceptibility to antibiotics. While this test is essential for identifying the appropriate antibiotic therapy initially, repeating it on day 3 does not directly monitor therapeutic blood levels of vancomycin. It also doesn't provide real-time information about the concentration of vancomycin in the bloodstream.

C. By obtaining drug peak and trough levels:

This choice involves measuring the highest (peak) and lowest (trough) concentrations of vancomycin in the bloodstream. Peak levels are typically measured about 1 hour after the completion of a vancomycin infusion, while trough levels are measured just before the next dose is administered. These measurements allow healthcare providers to ensure that the drug concentration remains within the therapeutic range to effectively treat the infection while minimizing the risk of toxicity.

D. By assessing for breathlessness:

Assessing for breathlessness is important for monitoring respiratory status, particularly in patients receiving vancomycin, as rare side effects like red-man syndrome or anaphylaxis can cause respiratory distress. However, this method does not directly monitor therapeutic blood levels of vancomycin.