Which of the following is the goal of monitoring peak and trough levels during antibacterial therapy?

Keep the serum drug level within the therapeutic margin

increase the therapeutic effect of the drug by gradually decreasing the drug dose

Provide maximum physical comfort to the patient

Treat the main disorder with no psychological distress to the patient

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Keep the serum drug level within the therapeutic margin:

This is the correct goal of monitoring peak and trough levels during antibacterial therapy. The therapeutic margin refers to the range of drug concentrations in the bloodstream that achieves optimal therapeutic effects while avoiding toxicity. By monitoring peak and trough levels, healthcare providers can adjust the dosing regimen to maintain drug levels within this therapeutic margin.

B. Increase the therapeutic effect of the drug by gradually decreasing the drug dose:

This statement is incorrect. Monitoring peak and trough levels is not about increasing the therapeutic effect of the drug by gradually decreasing the drug dose. Instead, it's about ensuring that the drug levels are maintained within the appropriate therapeutic range to achieve optimal efficacy without causing adverse effects.

C. Provide maximum physical comfort to the patient:

Monitoring peak and trough levels is not primarily aimed at providing physical comfort to the patient. While optimizing drug therapy can contribute to improved clinical outcomes and patient well-being, the goal of monitoring these levels is specifically related to achieving therapeutic drug concentrations.

D. Treat the main disorder with no psychological distress to the patient:

This statement is unrelated to the goal of monitoring peak and trough levels during antibacterial therapy. While psychological distress may be a consideration in patient care, the primary goal of monitoring drug levels is to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Antagonistic reaction:

An antagonistic reaction refers to a response where one substance opposes the action of another substance. In the context of hypersensitivity reactions, this term does not accurately describe the immune system's response to an allergen. Hypersensitivity reactions involve an overreaction of the immune system to a harmless substance, rather than opposing actions between substances. Therefore, choice A is not the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions.

B. Drug idiosyncrasy:

Drug idiosyncrasy refers to an unusual or unexpected response to a medication that is not related to the known pharmacological properties of the drug or the patient's characteristics. While idiosyncratic drug reactions can sometimes involve immune-mediated mechanisms, they are not synonymous with hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions specifically involve the immune system's exaggerated response to an allergen, which may or may not be a medication. Therefore, while drug idiosyncrasy may involve unpredictable reactions, it does not specifically address the immune-mediated nature of hypersensitivity reactions.

C. Synergistic reaction:

A synergistic reaction occurs when the combined effect of two substances is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In the context of hypersensitivity reactions, this term does not accurately describe the immune system's response to an allergen. Hypersensitivity reactions involve an exaggerated response of the immune system to an allergen, rather than a synergistic interaction between substances. Therefore, choice C is not the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions.

D. Allergic reaction:

An allergic reaction is the correct term to describe hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions involve the immune system's exaggerated response to a harmless substance, known as an allergen. This response can manifest in various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity and the nature of the allergen. Allergic reactions can affect different organ systems and can be triggered by a wide range of substances, including foods, medications, environmental allergens, and insect venom. Therefore, choice D accurately describes hypersensitivity reactions.

A. penicillin will be effective in treating the infection B. penicillin will not be effective in treating the infection C. the test must be repeated to obtain accurate results D. Ms. Robertson is allergic to penicillin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Penicillin will be effective in treating the infection:

This interpretation is correct. When the culture and sensitivity test results show that the bacteria causing the infection are sensitive to penicillin, it means that penicillin will effectively inhibit the growth of these bacteria, leading to the resolution of the infection. This sensitivity indicates that penicillin is an appropriate and effective choice for treating the infection.

B. Penicillin will not be effective in treating the infection:

This interpretation is incorrect. If the bacteria are sensitive to penicillin, it means that penicillin will be effective in treating the infection. Sensitivity to penicillin indicates that the bacteria are susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of penicillin, and therefore, penicillin is expected to be effective in eradicating the infection.

C. The test must be repeated to obtain accurate results:

This interpretation is not warranted based on the information provided. If the culture and sensitivity test results indicate that the bacteria causing the infection are sensitive to penicillin, there is no need to repeat the test for accuracy. Sensitivity testing provides valuable information about the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions about appropriate treatment.

D. Ms. Robertson is allergic to penicillin:

This interpretation is unrelated to the information provided in the scenario. The culture and sensitivity test results indicate the susceptibility of bacteria to penicillin, not whether the patient has an allergy to penicillin. Allergy testing is a separate diagnostic process used to determine if a patient is allergic to penicillin or other medications. Sensitivity testing does not provide information about the patient's allergy status.

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Which of the following is the goal of monitoring peak and trough levels during antibacterial therapy?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient asks the nurse to define hypersensitivity reaction. The nurse begins by telling the patient that a hypersensitivity reaction is also called:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When reviewing Ms. Robertson's culture and sensitivity test results, the nurse learns that the bacteria causing Ms. Robertson's infection are sensitive to penicillin. The nurse interprets this result to mean:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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