A nurse is reinforcing teaching about vancomycin with a client who has an infection. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Expect your urine to turn pink or red while taking this medication."

"Discontinue the medication once your symptoms subside.

"Notify your provider if you experience any changes in your hearing."

"Decrease your fluid intake to 1000ml per day."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Expect your urine to turn pink or red while taking this medication."

This statement is incorrect. Vancomycin does not typically cause urine discoloration. However, red man syndrome, characterized by flushing of the skin, particularly on the face and upper body, can occur with rapid infusion of vancomycin. This is not related to urine color change.

B. "Discontinue the medication once your symptoms subside."

This statement is incorrect. It's crucial for the client to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before completing the treatment course. Discontinuing the medication prematurely can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance and recurrence of the infection.

C. "Notify your provider if you experience any changes in your hearing."

This statement is correct. Vancomycin can potentially cause ototoxicity, which may manifest as changes in hearing, including ringing in the ears (tinnitus) or hearing loss. Clients should be instructed to report any such symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.

D. "Decrease your fluid intake to 1000ml per day."

This statement is incorrect. Adequate hydration is essential, especially when taking medications like vancomycin, to help prevent kidney damage and promote drug elimination. Restricting fluid intake is not advisable unless specifically instructed by the healthcare provider for a particular medical reason.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bacteriostatics are narrow spectrum drugs, and bactericidal drugs are broad spectrum:

This statement is incorrect. The spectrum of activity (narrow vs. broad) of an antibiotic refers to the range of bacterial species that it can target, not whether it is bacteriostatic or bactericidal.

B. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth, and bactericidal drugs actually kill bacteria:

This statement is correct. Bacteriostatic drugs work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria without directly killing them, whereas bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria.

C. Bacteriostatics work by inhibiting protein synthesis, and bactericidal drugs work by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis:

This statement is incorrect. Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs can target various bacterial cellular processes, including protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, cell wall synthesis, and others. The mechanism of action is not a definitive factor in distinguishing between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs.

D. Bacteriostatic drugs actually kill bacteria, and bactericidal drugs inhibit bacterial growth:

This statement is incorrect. It contradicts the established definitions of bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria, while bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria.

A. BP 98/62 B. Urticaria C. Wheezing D. Pulse rate 104/min

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. BP 98/62:

A blood pressure of 98/62 mmHg is within the normal range for an adult, although it's slightly lower than the average blood pressure. While monitoring blood pressure is important, this reading doesn't indicate a critical condition and doesn't require immediate intervention.

B. Urticaria:

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin rash characterized by raised, itchy welts. While it can be uncomfortable and may indicate an allergic reaction, it's not immediately life-threatening. However, it does warrant attention and further assessment.

C. Wheezing:

Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs during breathing and can indicate airway obstruction, such as in an allergic reaction or asthma exacerbation. Wheezing can be a sign of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis, which requires immediate intervention to ensure the patient's airway remains open and to administer appropriate treatment.

D. Pulse rate 104/min:

A pulse rate of 104 beats per minute (bpm) is slightly elevated but within the normal range for an adult. While it's important to monitor heart rate, this finding alone doesn't indicate an immediate threat to the patient's life.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about vancomycin with a client who has an infection. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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