Which of the following common habit of patients may cause microbes to re-populate and re-establish an infection?

The patient stops taking the drug when he or she begins to feel better

The patient switches to multiple drug therapy from single drug therapy

The patient uses OTC drugs prophylactically

The patient increases the drug dosage when he or she perceives that the therapeutic effect of the drug is slowing down

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The patient stops taking the drug when he or she begins to feel better:

This choice refers to the common habit where patients discontinue their prescribed medication once they start to feel improvement in their symptoms, even if they haven't completed the full course of treatment. This premature cessation of medication can leave some microbes alive and potentially resistant to the antibiotic, allowing them to regrow and cause a recurrence of the infection.

B. The patient switches to multiple drug therapy from single drug therapy:

This choice describes a scenario where a patient switches from a single drug therapy to multiple drug therapy. While this may be a valid treatment approach in some cases, it is not directly related to the re-population and re-establishment of microbes causing an infection.

C. The patient uses OTC drugs prophylactically:

This choice involves patients using over-the-counter (OTC) drugs preventively without consulting a healthcare professional. While OTC drugs may have their own set of issues, such as contributing to antibiotic resistance, this behavior isn't specifically linked to the re-population and re-establishment of microbes causing an infection.

D. The patient increases the drug dosage when he or she perceives that the therapeutic effect of the drug is slowing down:

This choice describes a scenario where a patient independently increases the dosage of their medication without consulting a healthcare provider. While inappropriate dosage adjustments can lead to adverse effects, it doesn't directly address the re-population and re-establishment of microbes causing an infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 36 months:

This duration is longer than typical treatment courses for TB. While treatment for drug-resistant TB may require an extended duration, standard treatment for drug-sensitive TB typically lasts for a shorter period.

B. 6-12 months:

This duration is within the typical range for the treatment of drug-sensitive TB. Standard treatment regimens for drug-sensitive TB usually involve a combination of multiple antibiotics taken for 6 to 9 months, sometimes extending up to 12 months depending on factors such as the severity of the disease and the patient's response to treatment.

C. 2-4 weeks:

This duration is too short for the treatment of TB. TB treatment requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to ensure the complete eradication of the bacteria and to prevent the development of drug resistance.

D. 7-10 days:

This duration is too short for the treatment of TB. TB treatment typically lasts for several months rather than days, as it involves a combination of antibiotics taken for an extended period to effectively treat the infection.

A. refers to an infection that is resistant to conventional antibiotics B. superinfection that has significant antifungal resistance C. refers to a term used for antibiotic coverage D. There is no such phenomenon of acquired resistance

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Refers to an infection that is resistant to conventional antibiotics:

This statement is partially correct. Acquired resistance does indeed refer to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, but it is not specific to conventional antibiotics. Bacteria can develop resistance to various types of antibiotics, including conventional antibiotics and newer antimicrobial agents.

B. Superinfection that has significant antifungal resistance:

This statement is incorrect. Acquired resistance specifically pertains to bacteria and their ability to resist antibiotics. It does not involve antifungal resistance or superinfections.

C. Refers to a term used for antibiotic coverage:

This statement is incorrect. Acquired resistance is not a term used to describe antibiotic coverage. It describes the phenomenon of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

D. There is no such phenomenon of acquired resistance:

This statement is incorrect. Acquired resistance is a well-documented phenomenon in microbiology and is a significant challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. Ignoring or denying the existence of acquired resistance would overlook a critical aspect of antibiotic stewardship and management of bacterial infections.

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Which of the following common habit of patients may cause microbes to re-populate and re-establish an infection?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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