Which of the following is an effective communication technique that should be included in the teaching plan for the family members of a woman in whom Alzheimer's disease has been diagnosed recently?

If the client tends to pace a lot, be sure to encourage her to sit during interactions.

If she doesn't understand the communication, change key words.

Use simple, familiar words, along with short and simple sentences.

Use hand gestures when speaking to try to explain what is being said.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   While it might be helpful to reduce distractions, forcing someone to sit down can be counterproductive and stressful. It's important to respect the client's needs and preferences.
B.   Changing key words might confuse the client further, as they may lose the context of the conversation. It's better to rephrase the sentence using simpler language.
C.   This is the most effective communication technique for individuals with Alzheimer's disease. As the disease progresses, language skills deteriorate, and simple communication is easier to understand.
D.   While hand gestures can be helpful in some cases, they should be used in conjunction with verbal communication, not as a replacement. Overreliance on gestures can be confusing for the client.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is the defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a painful reality. In this case, the client is denying their illness and the need for hospitalization.
B. This involves reverting to childlike behaviors as a way to cope with stress. It doesn't fit the scenario.
C. This is attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto others. There's no evidence of this in the given situation.
D. This involves creating excuses to justify unacceptable behavior. The client is not justifying their behavior but denying it.

A. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid. B. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus. C. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain. D. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drilling holes in the skull to drain fluid is more aligned with procedures for treating conditions like hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain) rather than a lobotomy. A lobotomy involves more invasive alterations to brain tissue.
B. In a prefrontal lobotomy, the surgeon would sever the connections between the frontal lobes and other parts of the brain, including the thalamus, to disrupt neural pathways. This was done in an attempt to alter behavior and mood. The procedure aimed to modify the function of the frontal lobes to reduce symptoms of severe mental disorders, but it often had significant and detrimental side effects.
C. This description refers to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), not a lobotomy. ECT involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce controlled seizures and is used to treat severe depression and other mental health conditions. It is different from the surgical approach of a lobotomy.
D. This description does not accurately describe a lobotomy. The lobotomy procedure involved cutting or damaging brain tissue rather than inserting implants. The insertion of implants into the brain is not characteristic of lobotomy and is not a common practice in the historical context of this procedure.

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Which of the following is an effective communication technique that should be included in the teaching plan for the family members of a woman in whom Alzheimer's disease has been diagnosed recently?

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Explanation

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