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In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which descriptions procedure is accurate?

A.

A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.

B.

A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.

C.

A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.

D.

A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.    Drilling holes in the skull to drain fluid is more aligned with procedures for treating conditions like hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain) rather than a lobotomy. A lobotomy involves more invasive alterations to brain tissue.
B.    In a prefrontal lobotomy, the surgeon would sever the connections between the frontal lobes and other parts of the brain, including the thalamus, to disrupt neural pathways. This was done in an attempt to alter behavior and mood. The procedure aimed to modify the function of the frontal lobes to reduce symptoms of severe mental disorders, but it often had significant and detrimental side effects.
C.    This description refers to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), not a lobotomy. ECT involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce controlled seizures and is used to treat severe depression and other mental health conditions. It is different from the surgical approach of a lobotomy.
D.    This description does not accurately describe a lobotomy. The lobotomy procedure involved cutting or damaging brain tissue rather than inserting implants. The insertion of implants into the brain is not characteristic of lobotomy and is not a common practice in the historical context of this procedure.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is the core focus of mental health promotion programs. They aim to equip people with the knowledge, skills, and resources to enhance their mental health and resilience.
B. This is completely opposite to the goals of mental health promotion.
C. This is the focus of mental health treatment, not promotion.
D. While this is important for the overall mental health system, it's not the primary focus of mental health promotion programs, which target individuals and communities.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is the most likely diagnosis based on the information provided. The teenager's reaction to the firecrackers is a classic example of a trigger response associated with PTSD. The loud noise is likely triggering a flashback to the school shooting, causing the individual to react as if they are back in the traumatic event.
B. OCD involves recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). While the behavior might seem repetitive, it's directly linked to a traumatic event, making PTSD a more likely diagnosis.
C. This is a broad term that could encompass various mental health conditions. While the behavior might seem unusual, it's a direct response to a traumatic experience, making PTSD more specific.
D. A phobia is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation. While the teenager might exhibit fear, the response is directly linked to a traumatic event, making PTSD a more appropriate diagnosis.

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