Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of decompensated cirrhosis? (select all that apply)
Jaundice
Hepatic encephalopathy
Ascites
Regular exercise
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Rationale:
A. Decompensated cirrhosis impairs the liver’s ability to process bilirubin, leading to yellowing of the skin and eyes.
B. Accumulation of ammonia and other toxins due to liver dysfunction can cause confusion, altered level of consciousness, and asterixis.
C. Fluid shifts into the peritoneal cavity occur due to low albumin levels and portal hypertension, causing abdominal distention.
D. While beneficial for overall health, exercise is not a clinical manifestation of cirrhosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Extreme thirst is associated with hypernatremia, not hypokalemia.
B. Hypokalemia typically causes hyporeflexia, not hyperactive reflexes.
C. Weak, irregular pulse is expected with hypokalemia because low potassium affects cardiac conduction and muscle contractility, increasing the risk of dysrhythmias.
D. Hypokalemia usually causes hypoactive bowel sounds due to decreased smooth muscle activity.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
- Hydration therapy is the cornerstone of pediatric diarrhea management, as children are at high risk for rapid fluid loss and dehydration. Both oral rehydration solutions and IV fluids may be necessary depending on severity.
- Electrolyte replacement helps correct imbalances caused by frequent watery stools, especially sodium and potassium losses, preventing complications like hypovolemia and arrhythmias.
- Clear liquid diet provides gentle reintroduction of fluids and easy-to-digest intake, helping to maintain hydration while minimizing gastrointestinal irritation.
- Low-fiber diet may reduce stool bulk but is not a primary intervention for acute diarrhea.
- Opioid analgesics are contraindicated in children with diarrhea due to risk of bowel obstruction and toxicity.
- Antibiotic administration is only appropriate when a bacterial cause has been confirmed; most pediatric diarrhea is viral and self-limiting.
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