Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

Increased AST levels

Decreased albumin levels

High prothrombin time

Elevated serum bilirubin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A. Elevated AST indicates hepatocellular injury, but it does not directly reflect fluid volume status.

B. In liver cirrhosis, the liver produces less albumin, leading to reduced plasma oncotic pressure. Low albumin allows fluid to leak into interstitial spaces, causing ascites, edema, and overall fluid volume excess.

C. Prolonged PT reflects impaired clotting factor synthesis in cirrhosis, not fluid status.

D. High bilirubin indicates impaired bile excretion and liver dysfunction, but it is not a direct marker of fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Lactulose is usually administered orally to soften stools, not as a short-retention enema.
B. A Fleet enema is a hypertonic solution that draws fluid into the colon, is retained briefly, and promotes rapid evacuation of stool to relieve constipation.
C. Tap water enemas are hypotonic and typically require immediate expulsion, not short retention.
D. Mineral oil enemas are retention enemas, meant to soften stool over a longer period, not for rapid evacuation.

A. Seizures B. Neurogenic shock C. Cardiac dysrhythmias D. Hypoglycemia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Seizures are more commonly associated with severe electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia, not mild hypokalemia.

B. Neurogenic shock is related to spinal cord injury, not potassium imbalance.

C. Hypokalemia (potassium 3.3 mEq/L; normal 3.5–5.0 mEq/L) increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, palpitations, and potentially life-threatening cardiac complications, especially in clients taking diuretics like furosemide.

D. Low potassium does not directly cause hypoglycemia.

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Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which type of enema is typically used to relieve constipation by instilling and retaining fluid for a short period before expelling?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who takes furosemide for hypertension. The nurse notes that the client's potassium level is 3.3 mEq/L. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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