Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

Increased AST levels

Decreased albumin levels

High prothrombin time

Elevated serum bilirubin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A. Elevated AST indicates hepatocellular injury, but it does not directly reflect fluid volume status.

B. In liver cirrhosis, the liver produces less albumin, leading to reduced plasma oncotic pressure. Low albumin allows fluid to leak into interstitial spaces, causing ascites, edema, and overall fluid volume excess.

C. Prolonged PT reflects impaired clotting factor synthesis in cirrhosis, not fluid status.

D. High bilirubin indicates impaired bile excretion and liver dysfunction, but it is not a direct marker of fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Lactulose is usually administered orally to soften stools, not as a short-retention enema.
B. A Fleet enema is a hypertonic solution that draws fluid into the colon, is retained briefly, and promotes rapid evacuation of stool to relieve constipation.
C. Tap water enemas are hypotonic and typically require immediate expulsion, not short retention.
D. Mineral oil enemas are retention enemas, meant to soften stool over a longer period, not for rapid evacuation.

A. Projectile vomiting B. Abdominal distention C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Referred back pain

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Vomiting is more common in small bowel obstruction and is usually less severe in large bowel obstruction.

B. A large bowel obstruction causes accumulation of gas and fecal material proximal to the blockage, leading to significant abdominal distention.

C. Large bowel obstruction may eventually cause metabolic acidosis due to impaired perfusion and tissue hypoxia, not alkalosis.

D. Back pain is not a typical sign of large bowel obstruction; the primary symptom is abdominal discomfort, distention, and constipation.

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Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which type of enema is typically used to relieve constipation by instilling and retaining fluid for a short period before expelling?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What is a likely finding in the nurse's assessment of a patient who has a large bowel obstruction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is evaluating a client admitted to the emergency unit. Exhibits Which nursing interventions are appropriate for managing a patient with cirrhosis experiencing fluid volume excess?

A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports taking bisacodyl tablets daily. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A client is admitted to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs? pH 7.22 PaCO2 68 mm Hg Base excess-2 PaO2 78 mm Hg Saturation 80% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L

A nurse is preparing to discharge a client from a surgical unit. Exhibits Which 3 dietary strategies should the nurse recommend to prevent post- operative complications for this client?

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who has abdominal pain. Exhibits A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has constipation. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)