Which of the following involves looking at both the positive and negative outcomes?

Choice A reason: Systematic Reviews are a form of secondary evidence as they compile and synthesize findings from multiple studies to provide an overview of the literature on a particular topic.

Choice B reason: Practice Guidelines are also considered secondary evidence because they are developed based on a review of existing primary studies and provide recommendations for clinical practice.

Choice C reason: Meta-Analysis is a statistical approach to combine the results of multiple studies. It is a type of secondary evidence that provides a high level of evidence by aggregating data.

Choice D reason: Quantitative research is a primary evidence source as it involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand phenomena.

Choice E reason: Qualitative research is another primary evidence source that involves non-numerical data to explore concepts and experiences in depth.

Choice A reason: Teaching materials are not typically considered a direct determinant of health care disparities. They are tools used in education and, while they can influence knowledge and awareness, they do not directly cause disparities in health care.

Choice B reason: Exposure to unhealthy and/or stressful conditions is a known determinant of health care disparities. These conditions can lead to poor health outcomes and are often unequally distributed among different populations, contributing to disparities.

Choice C reason: Health-damaging behavior that is a result of free choice can contribute to health care disparities. Behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise can lead to health issues and are influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors.

Choice D reason: Natural genetic factors are determinants of health care disparities as they can predispose individuals to certain health conditions. However, the impact of genetics is often exacerbated by environmental and social factors.

Choice E reason: Motivation can influence health behaviors and outcomes, but it is not typically categorized as a determinant of health care disparities. Motivation is more of an individual characteristic that can affect how people manage their health.