Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?
Maintaining specialized cell functions
Loss of contact inhibition
Ability to repair DNA damage
Orderly cell cycle progression
The Correct Answer is B
A. Cancer cells typically lose their specialized functions and characteristics that normal cells have. This loss of differentiation is known as dedifferentiation, where cancer cells become less specialized and more primitive in nature. This allows them to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissues.
B. Contact inhibition refers to the normal process where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells. In cancer cells, this mechanism is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells continue to divide and grow even when they are in close contact with other cells, which contributes to tumor formation and progression.
C. Cancer cells often acquire mutations that impair their ability to repair DNA damage effectively. This can lead to an accumulation of genetic mutations over time, which is a hallmark of cancer development. While some cancer cells may still have mechanisms to repair DNA damage, they are often less efficient compared to normal cells, leading to genomic instability and further mutation accumulation.
D. Normal cells follow a tightly regulated cell cycle with specific checkpoints that ensure orderly progression through phases such as G1, S, G2, and M phases. In contrast, cancer cells often have dysregulated cell cycle control. They may bypass checkpoints that normally control cell division, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and growth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The soles of the feet are not typically assessed for cyanosis because they are not a reliable indicator of central cyanosis. Cyanosis is best evaluated in areas where mucous membranes are visible.
B. Similar to the soles of the feet, the palms of the hands are not a reliable indicator of central cyanosis. Cyanosis is not typically visible on the palms unless there are severe systemic circulation issues.
C. The oral mucosa (inside the mouth) is a reliable area to assess for central cyanosis. The nurse can inspect the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa for a bluish discoloration, which indicates decreased arterial oxygen saturation.
D. The nail beds are also a reliable indicator of central cyanosis. The nurse can assess the color of the nail beds and look for bluish discoloration, which can be more apparent in darker-skinned individuals compared to the lips and oral mucosa.
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
A. Allowing the affected skin to be exposed to air can help in promoting healing and preventing further irritation. However, it's essential to ensure the environment is clean and that the area is protected from friction and contamination.
B. Ice packs should be avoided as they can cause further irritation to the radiated skin, and alcohol- based lotions can be drying and may exacerbate skin reactions.
C. Alcohol-based lotions can be drying and irritating to sensitive, radiation-treated skin. It's preferable to use gentle, non-alcohol-based moisturizers or barrier creams that are specifically designed for sensitive skin. These can help soothe the skin and prevent excessive dryness and irritation.
D. Aloe vera gel is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties, which can help alleviate discomfort and promote healing of radiation-damaged skin. It is gentle and generally well-tolerated by most individuals.
E. Betadine (povidone-iodine) can be too harsh for radiation-damaged skin and may further irritate the area. Gentle cleansing with mild soap and water is recommended to keep the area clean and minimize the risk of infection.
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