Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?

Maintaining specialized cell functions

Loss of contact inhibition

Ability to repair DNA damage

Orderly cell cycle progression

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Cancer cells typically lose their specialized functions and characteristics that normal cells have. This loss of differentiation is known as dedifferentiation, where cancer cells become less specialized and more primitive in nature. This allows them to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissues.
B.   Contact inhibition refers to the normal process where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells. In cancer cells, this mechanism is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells continue to divide and grow even when they are in close contact with other cells, which contributes to tumor formation and progression.
C.   Cancer cells often acquire mutations that impair their ability to repair DNA damage effectively. This can lead to an accumulation of genetic mutations over time, which is a hallmark of cancer development. While some cancer cells may still have mechanisms to repair DNA damage, they are often less efficient compared to normal cells, leading to genomic instability and further mutation accumulation.
D.   Normal cells follow a tightly regulated cell cycle with specific checkpoints that ensure orderly progression through phases such as G1, S, G2, and M phases. In contrast, cancer cells often have dysregulated cell cycle control. They may bypass checkpoints that normally control cell division, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and growth.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. During chemotherapy, many patients experience nausea, vomiting, and changes in taste or appetite. Spicy and highly-seasoned foods can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and may not be well tolerated. It's generally recommended to encourage bland, easy-to-digest foods to help maintain adequate nutrition and reduce discomfort.
B. Loperamide is not used to prevent nausea; rather, it is an antidiarrheal medication used to treat diarrhea, which can be a side effect of chemotherapy. Nausea prevention is typically managed with antiemetic medications such as ondansetron, metoclopramide, or others prescribed based on the patient's specific needs and chemotherapy regimen.
C. Pain management is an essential aspect of caring for oncology patients, including those receiving chemotherapy. Cancer and its treatment can cause pain directly or indirectly (such as from procedures or complications). Regular and thorough pain assessments allow for timely intervention and improvement in the client's comfort and quality of life.
D. Chemotherapy medications are typically administered through central venous access devices (e.g., central lines, PICC lines) rather than through peripheral veins. This is because chemotherapy drugs can be vesicants (causing tissue damage if they leak out of the vein) or irritants to smaller peripheral veins.
Using a larger gauge peripheral line (e.g., 18 gauge) is not standard practice for administering chemotherapy due to the potential risks and complications associated with peripheral administration.

A. Multiple sclerosis B. Guillain Barre Syndrome C. Myasthenia gravis D. Parkinson's disease

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. MS is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain and spinal cord. It typically presents with a wide range of neurological symptoms such as blurred vision, sensory disturbances, weakness, and difficulties with coordination and balance. However, MS does not typically present with a sudden onset of ascending numbness and weakness starting in the feet and moving upwards.
B. GBS is an acute autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system. It often starts with numbness, tingling, and weakness in the feet and legs, which then

progresses symmetrically upwards to involve the upper limbs and potentially affect respiratory muscles. This ascending pattern of weakness is characteristic of GBS, making it the most likely diagnosis in this scenario.
C. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue, especially with repetitive use. It typically presents with fluctuating muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. The pattern of ascending numbness and weakness seen in the scenario does not align with the typical presentation of myasthenia gravis.
D. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder primarily affecting movement. It presents with symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability. It does not typically cause numbness or a symmetrical ascending pattern of weakness as described in the scenario.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse on an oncology unit is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colon cancer. Which of the following items should be included in the plan of care for this client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client presents to the emergency department with complaints of numbness and weakness which began in the feet and has progressed symmetrically in an ascending pattern through the bilateral lower extremities. The nurse understands that this pattern most closely fits which neurological disorder?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is discussing the use of docusate sodium (Colace) with a client who is recovering from a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). What is the rationale for administering this medication during the recovery from a myocardial infarction?

A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). When reviewing the results of the client's peripheral blood smear, what would the nurse expect to find?

A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

A nurse is assessing a client who has Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and notes that the client's breathing is shallow and the client is short of breath. The nurse understands that that the client's respiratory distress is caused by which of the following?

An older adult client who is having difficulty passing urine is found to have elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The nurse understands that this finding indicates which of the following?

A client who is undergoing external beam radiation for prostate cancer has developed desquamation of the skin in the treatment area. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include for this patient? (Select all that apply.)