Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?

Maintaining specialized cell functions

Loss of contact inhibition

Ability to repair DNA damage

Orderly cell cycle progression

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Cancer cells typically lose their specialized functions and characteristics that normal cells have. This loss of differentiation is known as dedifferentiation, where cancer cells become less specialized and more primitive in nature. This allows them to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissues.
B.   Contact inhibition refers to the normal process where cells stop dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells. In cancer cells, this mechanism is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells continue to divide and grow even when they are in close contact with other cells, which contributes to tumor formation and progression.
C.   Cancer cells often acquire mutations that impair their ability to repair DNA damage effectively. This can lead to an accumulation of genetic mutations over time, which is a hallmark of cancer development. While some cancer cells may still have mechanisms to repair DNA damage, they are often less efficient compared to normal cells, leading to genomic instability and further mutation accumulation.
D.   Normal cells follow a tightly regulated cell cycle with specific checkpoints that ensure orderly progression through phases such as G1, S, G2, and M phases. In contrast, cancer cells often have dysregulated cell cycle control. They may bypass checkpoints that normally control cell division, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and growth.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This statement refers to medications like statins (e.g., rosuvastatin, atorvastatin) which are used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis progression. Docusate sodium does not treat hyperlipidemia or affect plaque formation directly.
B. This refers to anticoagulant medications (e.g., heparin, warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants) which are used to prevent clot formation and reduce the risk of thromboembolic events such as stroke. Docusate sodium does not have anticoagulant properties.
C. After a myocardial infarction (MI), especially in the early recovery phase, vagal stimulation can exacerbate bradycardia or contribute to dysrhythmias. Stool softeners like docusate sodium help prevent constipation, which can stimulate the vagus nerve during straining, potentially leading to vagally mediated dysrhythmias such as bradycardia or atrioventricular blocks.
D. Diuretics (e.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) are used to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure by increasing urine output. Docusate sodium does not remove excess sodium or affect blood pressure regulation.

A. The client has developed moon face. B. The client complains of muscle spasticity. C. The client drinks alcohol several days per week. D. The client is taking birth control pills.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Moon face is a common side effect of prednisone, a corticosteroid medication. It results from fluid retention and redistribution of fat in the face. While moon face is a cosmetic concern, it is not typically an urgent or critical finding that requires immediate reporting.
B. Muscle spasticity may develop but does not pose an immediate risk that requires urgent attention.
C. Alcohol consumption can interact with both prednisone and interferon B-1a, potentially leading to increased drug levels in the bloodstream and intensifying side effects. This interaction can also increase the risk of liver problems, which is particularly concerning given that interferon B-1a may cause liver issues.
D. Birth control pills have been a subject of debate regarding their effect on multiple sclerosis but a study found that oral hormonal contraceptives did not appear to be associated with an increased chance of MS relapses.

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Which of the following describes a characteristic of cancer cells?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is discussing the use of docusate sodium (Colace) with a client who is recovering from a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). What is the rationale for administering this medication during the recovery from a myocardial infarction?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A female client with multiple sclerosis is being treated with prednisone and the immunomodulator drug interferon B-1a to manage the condition. Which finding is the most important for the nurse to report to the provider?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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