Which of the following can trigger acute respiratory distress?

A. Needle thoracentesis is typically performed in cases of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, not asthma exacerbation. The symptoms described do not indicate a pleural space issue that would require thoracentesis.

B. Emergency intubation may be necessary if the asthma exacerbation is severe and unresponsive to initial interventions such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy. The patient's symptoms of severe dyspnea, accessory muscle use, and wheezing suggest respiratory distress, and intubation may be required to secure the airway and assist with ventilation.

C. Pleurodesis is a procedure used to treat recurrent pleural effusions, not asthma exacerbations. It involves the obliteration of the pleural space, which is not relevant to the current situation.

D. Chest tube insertion is typically performed for pneumothorax or other issues involving the pleural space, not for asthma exacerbation. The described symptoms do not suggest the need for a chest tube.

A. Pain at the site of injury, such as a paper cut, is often due to the release of chemical mediators like prostaglandins, bradykinin, and histamines, which are part of the inflammatory response. These mediators increase blood flow and sensitivity in the affected area, contributing to pain. Exudate (fluid containing white blood cells and proteins) also forms at the site to aid in healing, and this can increase sensitivity.

B. Increased perfusion (blood flow) is part of the inflammatory response, but it is not the direct cause of pain. While increased blood flow helps deliver nutrients and immune cells to the site, it is the chemical mediators that cause pain.

C. Bacteria entering the wound could cause infection, but pain from a paper cut is typically related to the inflammatory response rather than infection. If infection were present, pain would usually be accompanied by other signs like redness, heat, and pus.

D. Vasoconstriction is the opposite of what happens at the site of an injury. Inflammation causes vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, to increase blood flow to the area.