Hypokalemia is often associated with which one of the following conditions?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Hyperchloremia
None of the above
The Correct Answer is B
A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a decrease in bicarbonate, but it is not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, acidosis may cause potassium to shift out of cells, increasing serum potassium levels.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypokalemia because the body compensates for alkalosis by shifting potassium into cells, leading to a lower serum potassium level. This is commonly seen with conditions like vomiting or the overuse of diuretics.
C. Hyperchloremia refers to elevated chloride levels, which may be associated with metabolic acidosis, but it is not directly linked to hypokalemia.
D. "None of the above" is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a known condition associated with hypokalemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased total body water due to an increase in muscle mass is incorrect because muscle tissue holds more water than fat tissue, but as people age, they typically lose muscle mass, not gain it.
B. Decreased total body water due to a decrease in muscle mass is correct. As people age, muscle mass generally decreases, and since muscle tissue contains more water than fat tissue, the total body water decreases with aging.
C. Increased total body water caused by increased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue actually holds less water than muscle tissue. As fat mass increases, total body water typically decreases.
D. Decreased total body water caused by decreased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue does not significantly contribute to total body water, and the loss of fat does not have a significant impact on water content in the body.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Stones that are too small to pass typically do not require surgical removal. Smaller stones are usually managed conservatively with hydration and pain management.
B. Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day does not usually indicate the need for surgery. Conservative management is often appropriate for such cases.
C. Obstruction of urine flow is a primary indication for surgical removal of renal stones. If a stone is blocking the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain, infection, or kidney damage, making surgical intervention necessary.
D. A small stone without evidence of size increase may not require surgery unless it is causing symptoms or complications. Most small stones pass naturally over time.
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