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Which condition results from a deficit of HCO3 and pH 7.23?

A.

Metabolic acidosis

B.

Respiratory acidosis

C.

Metabolic alkalosis

D.

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a deficit of bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH (below 7.35). A pH of 7.23 indicates acidosis, and the deficit of HCO3 supports a diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.  

B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which lowers pH. It is not associated with a bicarbonate deficit.  

C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid, leading to an elevated pH. It is the opposite of metabolic acidosis.  

D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to an increase in pH, not a deficit of bicarbonate.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While high blood glucose levels can affect nerve function, excessive glucose exposure does not specifically target the brain and spinal cord in a way that causes neuropathy.

B. Neuropathy in diabetes is not caused by the inability to provide glucose to the brain and spinal cord, but rather by the effects of high blood glucose levels on peripheral nerves.

C. Infection in the nerves is not the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy, although infection can occur in diabetic patients due to poor circulation and immune system impairment.

D. Chronic high blood glucose levels can cause thickening of blood vessels, leading to poor circulation (ischemia) that deprives nerves of oxygen and nutrients, ultimately causing nerve damage. This is the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Inhaling toxic fumes can cause damage to the lungs and airways, leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

B. Severe lung infections, such as pneumonia, can lead to ARDS due to widespread inflammation and fluid in the lungs, which impairs gas exchange.

C. All of these can trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome. ARDS can be caused by a variety of factors, including inhalation of toxic fumes, severe lung infections, and aspiration of stomach contents, all of which can lead to inflammation and damage to the lung tissue.

D. Aspirating stomach contents into the lungs can lead to aspiration pneumonia, which can cause ARDS due to the inflammatory response in the lungs.

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