Which is not a requirement for effective perfusion?

Absence of chronic disease

Adequate blood volume

An open airway

Functional systemic circulation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The absence of chronic disease is not a strict requirement for effective perfusion. While chronic diseases can impact perfusion, such as through the effects of diabetes or hypertension on the cardiovascular system, effective perfusion can still occur in individuals with chronic conditions if other factors are managed appropriately.

B. Adequate blood volume is essential for effective perfusion because without enough blood, oxygen and nutrients cannot be delivered to tissues.

C. An open airway is crucial for effective perfusion because it allows for proper oxygenation, which is necessary for the delivery of oxygen to tissues via the bloodstream.

D. Functional systemic circulation is required for effective perfusion, as it ensures that blood can flow throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum bicarbonate is typically decreased, not increased. The decrease is due to metabolic acidosis resulting from the accumulation of ketones.

B. Serum potassium is often elevated in DKA initially due to the shift of potassium from inside the cells to the bloodstream as a result of acidosis. However, potassium levels may drop with treatment, especially with insulin administration, which drives potassium back into cells.

C. Urine pH in DKA is often acidic due to the presence of ketones, which are acidic byproducts of fat metabolism. A urine pH of 4.0 indicates aciduria, which is consistent with ketoacidosis.

D. Serum pH in DKA is typically low (below 7.35), indicating acidosis. A serum pH of 7.5 would suggest alkalosis, which is not typical of DKA.

A. Immunodeficiency B. Adenomas C. Surgical removal of endocrine glands D. Infection

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Immunodeficiency does not directly cause endocrine disorders, although some immune system issues can affect endocrine function, such as in autoimmune diseases.

B. Adenomas (benign tumors) are the most common cause of endocrine disorders, as they can overproduce hormones or disrupt normal gland function, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism or Cushing's disease.

C. Surgical removal of endocrine glands may cause endocrine disorders, but it is a result of treatment rather than a common cause.

D. Infection can lead to endocrine disorders, particularly in cases of infectious diseases affecting specific glands (e.g., thyroiditis), but it is not the most common cause overall.

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Which is not a requirement for effective perfusion?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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