What are some of the early signs and symptoms you would expect a person with type 1 diabetes to exhibit?

A. Pleural effusion involves the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which typically causes a decrease or absence of breath sounds, not wheezing.

B. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that leads to damage of the alveoli and air sacs, which may result in wheezing, but it is not the most direct cause of high-pitched wheezing.

C. High-pitched wheezing is often a result of airway constriction or narrowing, which occurs in conditions like asthma, bronchitis, or anaphylaxis. The sound is caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways.

D. Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood and does not cause wheezing. It is a symptom that may be associated with various respiratory conditions, but it does not directly cause the wheezing sound.

A. Mucous obstruction is a secondary effect of cystic fibrosis, but it is not the primary cellular issue. The root cause lies in the dysfunction of chloride transport, which leads to thick, sticky mucus that obstructs various organs.

B. The primary problem in cystic fibrosis is a defect in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein, which disrupts electrolyte and water transport across cell membranes. This causes thickened mucus and affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines.

C. Infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis due to the buildup of thick mucus, which can trap bacteria, but it is a consequence rather than the primary issue.

D. Pancreatitis is a potential complication of cystic fibrosis due to the blockage of pancreatic ducts, but it is not the major cellular issue.