Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?

Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality.

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance.

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Osmoreceptors in the pituitary gland regulate the secretion of cortisol in response to changes in plasma osmolality: This is incorrect as the pituitary gland itself does not have osmoreceptors; rather, the hypothalamus contains osmoreceptors.

B. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect high plasma osmolality and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which enhances water reabsorption in the kidneys: This is correct. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense changes in plasma osmolality and regulate ADH release to maintain water balance.

C. Osmoreceptors in the kidneys monitor blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone secretion to control sodium reabsorption and water balance: This is not correct because the kidneys primarily use juxtaglomerular cells to sense blood pressure changes and regulate aldosterone, not osmoreceptors.

D. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect low plasma osmolality and inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production: This is partially correct; osmoreceptors do detect low osmolality, but their inhibition of ADH would decrease urine production, not increase it.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm in asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airways, edema of the airway walls, and increased mucus production, leading to constriction and obstruction of the airways.

B. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: In asthma, bronchospasm is associated with increased mucus production, not decreased. Excess mucus contributes to airway obstruction.

C. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: Inflammation typically increases airway constriction rather than reducing it. The narrowed airway diameter is a result of inflammation, not a reduction in inflammation.

D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Airway obstruction in asthma is due to thick, tenacious mucus, not thinning mucus. The mucus contributes to the blockage of the airways.

A. Apply positive pressure ventilation and provide supportive care with pain management. B. Perform needle decompression of the pleural space followed by chest tube insertion. C. Administer intravenous antibiotics and arrange for an elective surgical repair. D. Provide high-flow oxygen and intubate the patient for mechanical ventilation.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Apply positive pressure ventilation and provide supportive care with pain management: While supportive care is important, positive pressure ventilation may not be sufficient to address the underlying issue, which is likely a pneumothorax or hemothorax.
B. Perform needle decompression of the pleural space followed by chest tube insertion: This is the most appropriate initial management for a patient with paradoxical chest wall movement, which is a sign of flail chest and likely pneumothorax. Needle decompression can relieve pressure in the pleural space, and chest tube insertion can help drain any fluid or air that has accumulated.
C. Administer intravenous antibiotics and arrange for an elective surgical repair: While infection may be a concern, it is not the most immediate priority in this case. The patient's respiratory distress needs to be addressed first.
D. Provide high-flow oxygen and intubate the patient for mechanical ventilation: While oxygen therapy may be necessary, intubation should be considered as a last resort if other measures fail to improve oxygenation. In this case, needle decompression and chest tube insertion are more likely to be effective in improving respiratory function.

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Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Exhibits What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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