A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has multiple injuries following a motor vehicle crash. The nurse should monitor for which of the following manifestations of apneumothorax?

A. Inspiratory stridor - This is associated with upper airway obstruction and is not indicative of a pneumothorax.

B. Expiratory wheeze - Wheezing is commonly associated with lower airway conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not pneumothorax.

C. Coarse crackles - Coarse crackles are typically heard in conditions such as pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not pneumothorax.

D. Absence of breath sounds - This is a key manifestation of a pneumothorax. The air in the pleural space can prevent the lung from fully expanding, leading to the absence of breath sounds on the affected side.

a. Urinary retention: Dark amber, cloudy, and malodorous urine is not typically associated with urinary retention. Urinary retention usually results in a lower-than-normal urine output.

b. Urinary incontinence: Incontinence refers to the inability to control urine flow and does not directly cause changes in urine color, clarity, or odor.

c. Urinary frequency: Increased frequency of urination is not typically associated with dark amber, cloudy, and malodorous urine.

d. Urinary tract infection (UTI): Dark amber, cloudy, and foul-smelling urine are common signs of a urinary tract infection. The infection causes changes in the appearance and odor of urine due to the presence of bacteria and inflammatory cells.