A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result ofwhich of the following?

Urinary retention

Urinary incontinence

Urinary frequency

Urinary tract infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

a. Urinary retention: Dark amber, cloudy, and malodorous urine is not typically associated with urinary retention. Urinary retention usually results in a lower-than-normal urine output.

b. Urinary incontinence: Incontinence refers to the inability to control urine flow and does not directly cause changes in urine color, clarity, or odor.

c. Urinary frequency: Increased frequency of urination is not typically associated with dark amber, cloudy, and malodorous urine.

d. Urinary tract infection (UTI): Dark amber, cloudy, and foul-smelling urine are common signs of a urinary tract infection. The infection causes changes in the appearance and odor of urine due to the presence of bacteria and inflammatory cells.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a. C-reactive protein: This is a marker of inflammation and is not specific to renal function. It is more commonly used to assess inflammation in various conditions.

b. Serum creatinine: Elevated levels of serum creatinine are indicative of impaired renal

function. Creatinine is a waste product that is normally filtered by the kidneys. Increased levels suggest decreased renal filtration.

c. Antinuclear antibody: This test is used to diagnose autoimmune diseases like SLE but does not directly measure renal function.

d. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: This is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and is not directly related to renal function.

A. Ovarian cancer B. Breast cancer C. Alzheimer's disease D. Kidney disease

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a. Ovarian cancer: While BRCA mutations are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, the primary association is with breast cancer.

b. Breast cancer: Mutations in the BRCA-1 gene significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially at a younger age.

c. Alzheimer's disease: The BRCA-1 gene mutation is not associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

d. Kidney disease: The BRCA-1 gene mutation is not associated with an increased risk of kidney disease.

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A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result ofwhich of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

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