Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?
BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.
BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.
BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.
BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.
The Correct Answer is D
A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperventilation: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide and an increase in blood pH. This is a primary finding in respiratory alkalosis.
B. Abdominal pain: While abdominal pain can occur in various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding associated with respiratory alkalosis.
C. Dry skin: Dry skin is not a direct manifestation of respiratory alkalosis. It is not typically associated with the changes in acid-base balance seen in respiratory alkalosis.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis. Instead, gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are more commonly related to metabolic acidosis or other conditions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO2. In this case, the pH is low and PaCO2 is high, indicating that respiratory alkalosis is not present.
B. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a low bicarbonate level. Here, the pH is low but the bicarbonate level is normal, so metabolic acidosis is not the primary diagnosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition involves a high pH and elevated bicarbonate. The pH in this case is low, so metabolic alkalosis is not present.
D. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is indicated by a low pH and high PaCO2. The client's pH is 7.22 (acidic) and PaCO2 is 68 mm Hg (elevated), which is consistent with respiratory acidosis. The bicarbonate level is normal, indicating that there is no significant metabolic compensation yet.
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