Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.

BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.

BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.

BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Provide mouth care: Mouth care is important for overall comfort and hygiene but is not the first step in preparing for chest percussion, vibration, and postural drainage. The priority is to prepare the client for the procedures that will aid in clearing lung secretions.

B. Cup hands and tap on the client's chest repeatedly: This action is part of chest percussion and should be performed after positioning the client correctly. Percussion should be done on the appropriate lung areas based on the positioning.

C. Auscultate lung fields: Auscultation of lung fields is essential for assessing lung sounds and determining the effectiveness of therapy. However, it should be done after positioning the client to ensure that the correct areas are being treated and assessed.

D. Position the client so that the lung area to be drained is above the client's trachea: Proper positioning is crucial for effective postural drainage, as it allows gravity to assist in moving secretions from the lung areas to the central airways. This should be done before performing chest percussion or vibration.

A. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation because taking antivirals for a nonviral infection can increase side effects." B. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation before beginning antiviral treatment, to prevent resistant viruses." C. "Yes, antiviral treatment will ensure that you are less contagious and do not spread influenza to others." D. "Yes, antiviral treatments are most effective when they are started within 48 hours of symptom onset."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation because taking antivirals for a nonviral infection can increase side effects.": While unnecessary use of antivirals can lead to side effects, prompt treatment in high-risk individuals (such as those with asthma) is crucial to mitigate complications, making this response less appropriate.

B. "No, you should wait for lab confirmation before beginning antiviral treatment, to prevent resistant viruses.": Delaying treatment in high-risk populations is not recommended as antivirals are most effective early in the course of the illness. This statement does not consider the urgency of treating influenza in vulnerable clients.

C. "Yes, antiviral treatment will ensure that you are less contagious and do not spread influenza to others.": While antivirals can reduce viral shedding, this response overlooks the critical importance of early treatment in reducing the severity of the illness and preventing complications.

D. "Yes, antiviral treatments are most effective when they are started within 48 hours of symptom onset.": Antivirals are most effective when initiated within 48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms, especially in individuals with underlying conditions like asthma. Starting treatment early can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, making this the most appropriate response.

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Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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