Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?
BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.
BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.
BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.
BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.
The Correct Answer is D
A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 25 mg/dl (10 to 20 mg/dL): Elevated BUN can indicate dehydration or kidney issues, but it is not directly related to metabolic alkalosis.
B. Serum potassium level 4.8 mg/dL (3.5 to 5 mg/dL): This potassium level is within the normal range and does not indicate a cause of metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis is more commonly associated with hypokalemia rather than normal potassium levels.
C. History of vomiting: Vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), which reduces the body's acidity and raises the pH.
D. Overuse of antacids: Excessive use of antacids can contribute to metabolic alkalosis because antacids neutralize stomach acid, leading to an increase in blood pH.
E. Polycythemia: Polycythemia, an increased concentration of red blood cells, is not typically associated with metabolic alkalosis. It is related to other conditions such as chronic hypoxia or bone marrow disorders.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Dry oral mucous membranes can occur with the use of inhalers but are not a serious adverse effect of beclomethasone. It can be managed with proper hydration and is not typically a cause for concern.
B. Tremors are more commonly associated with bronchodilators, such as beta-agonists, rather than corticosteroids like beclomethasone. They are not a typical side effect of beclomethasone MDI.
C. A white coating in the mouth may indicate oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by Candida species, which is a known adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids like beclomethasone. The client should be instructed to rinse their mouth after each use to prevent this complication and report any signs of oral thrush to the provider.
D. Nausea is not a common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids. It is more often associated with systemic medications rather than inhaled therapies.
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