Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?
BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.
BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.
BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.
BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.
The Correct Answer is D
A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperventilation: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide and an increase in blood pH. This is a primary finding in respiratory alkalosis.
B. Abdominal pain: While abdominal pain can occur in various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding associated with respiratory alkalosis.
C. Dry skin: Dry skin is not a direct manifestation of respiratory alkalosis. It is not typically associated with the changes in acid-base balance seen in respiratory alkalosis.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis. Instead, gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea are more commonly related to metabolic acidosis or other conditions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The "Choice of Analgesia and Sedation" component of the ABCDEF assessment tool focuses on selecting appropriate pain relief and sedation strategies for the patient but does not directly relate to the weaning process.
B. "Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain" involves ensuring the patient is comfortable and free from pain, which is important but not specifically related to weaning from the ventilator.
C. "Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage" addresses the cognitive status of the patient, particularly the prevention and management of delirium, which is a critical aspect of care but not directly related to ventilator weaning.
D. "Breathing: Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)" directly involves the weaning process, as it includes assessing the patient's ability to breathe independently by reducing or removing sedation (SAT) and evaluating their capacity for spontaneous breathing (SBT).
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