Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

BNP promotes the synthesis of angiotensin II to enhance fluid retention and increase blood pressure.

BNP increases heart rate and cardiac contractility to enhance cardiac output.

BNP increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release.

BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. BNP does not promote the synthesis of angiotensin II; instead, it counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by reducing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is the opposite of what angiotensin II does.
B. BNP does not increase heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its role is primarily in reducing cardiac workload by lowering blood pressure and decreasing fluid volume.
C. BNP does not increase blood pressure; rather, it acts to decrease it by causing vasodilation and inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, which would otherwise increase blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention.
D. BNP decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, consequently, lowers the blood pressure. This is its primary role in cardiovascular regulation, especially in response to heart failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Absence of breath sounds over the affected area is a hallmark sign of a pneumothorax. This occurs because air in the pleural space prevents lung expansion, leading to a lack of air movement and, consequently, no breath sounds. Monitoring for this symptom is critical in identifying a pneumothorax.
B. Coarse crackles are typically associated with fluid in the lungs, such as in cases of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. These sounds are not indicative of a pneumothorax, where air rather than fluid accumulates in the pleural space.
C. Inspiratory stridor is a high-pitched sound often associated with upper airway obstruction, such as in cases of croup or foreign body aspiration. It is not a common manifestation of a pneumothorax, which involves the pleural space rather than the upper airway.
D. Expiratory wheeze is typically associated with conditions that involve narrowing of the airways, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not a characteristic finding in pneumothorax, where the issue is lung collapse rather than airway constriction.

A. Dry oral mucous membranes B. Tremors C. White coating in the mouth D. Nausea

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Dry oral mucous membranes can occur with the use of inhalers but are not a serious adverse effect of beclomethasone. It can be managed with proper hydration and is not typically a cause for concern.
B. Tremors are more commonly associated with bronchodilators, such as beta-agonists, rather than corticosteroids like beclomethasone. They are not a typical side effect of beclomethasone MDI.
C. A white coating in the mouth may indicate oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by Candida species, which is a known adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids like beclomethasone. The client should be instructed to rinse their mouth after each use to prevent this complication and report any signs of oral thrush to the provider.
D. Nausea is not a common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids. It is more often associated with systemic medications rather than inhaled therapies.

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Which of the following best describes the primary physiological role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has multiple injuries following a motor vehicle crash. The nurse should monitor for which of the following manifestations of a pneumothorax?

Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions for a client who has asthma and is about to start using beclomethasone MDI. For which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to monitor and report to the provider as an adverse effect of the medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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