A nurse is collecting data for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting

Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch

Hypoxemia due to dead space

Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. ARDS is characterized by severe hypoxemia due to shunting, but it typically impairs oxygenation rather than carbon dioxide elimination. The primary issue is the inability to oxygenate blood, not the elimination of carbon dioxide.
B. In ARDS, pulmonary arterial pressure often increases due to pulmonary hypertension caused by widespread inflammation and hypoxemia, not decreased pressure. V/Q mismatch contributes to hypoxemia but does not directly cause decreased pulmonary arterial pressure.
C. While hypoxemia is a hallmark of ARDS, it is primarily due to shunting (where blood passes through unventilated areas of the lung) rather than dead space, which is more associated with conditions like pulmonary embolism.
D. ARDS involves decreased pulmonary compliance due to the stiffness of the lungs, which results from diffuse alveolar damage and the formation of hyaline membranes. This stiffness makes it difficult for the lungs to expand, leading to reduced oxygenation and severe hypoxemia.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Dyspnea: Shortness of breath is a common and significant symptom of COPD, resulting from the narrowing of airways and difficulty in expelling air.

B. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often productive, is a hallmark of COPD. It is typically a response to chronic irritation and inflammation of the airways.

C. Wheezing: Wheezing is a common symptom of COPD due to the constriction of airways and turbulent airflow through narrowed airways.

D. Sputum production: Increased sputum production is common in COPD, especially in chronic bronchitis type of COPD, where inflammation leads to excess mucus production.

E. Chest tightness: While chest tightness can occur in COPD, it is less commonly emphasized compared to the other symptoms listed. The primary symptoms are generally more focused on dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and sputum production.

A. "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration." B. "Diffusion is the movement of particles between areas of equal concentrations." C. "Diffusion is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water." D. "Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles to an area of higher concentration of particles."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.": This statement accurately describes diffusion. Molecules move down their concentration gradient from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

B. "Diffusion is the movement of particles between areas of equal concentrations.": Diffusion does not occur between areas of equal concentration as there is no concentration gradient to drive the movement.

C. "Diffusion is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water.": This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

D. "Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles to an area of higher concentration of particles.": This is incorrect as diffusion occurs from higher to lower concentration, not the reverse.

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A nurse is collecting data for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is collecting data for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?