Which of the following are common manifestations of heart failure in infants? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Cool extremities and decreased urine output

Bradycardia and hypotension

Increased appetite and excessive weight gain

Poor feeding and weight gain

Tachypnea and respiratory distress

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. Decreased cardiac output in heart failure can lead to poor perfusion of the extremities, resulting in cool skin and decreased urine output due to reduced renal perfusion and impaired kidney function.

D. Poor feeding is often observed due to increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, and fatigue associated with heart failure. Additionally, infants may exhibit failure to thrive or inadequate weight gain despite increased caloric intake due to metabolic demands and inefficient utilization of nutrients.

E. Tachypnea and respiratory distress occur due to pulmonary congestion and increased respiratory effort in response to heart failure. Infants may exhibit signs such as nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, and cyanosis.

B. Bradycardia and hypotension are not typical manifestations of heart failure in infants. Instead, infants with heart failure often present with tachycardia (rapid heart rate) as a compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output. Hypotension may occur in severe cases but is not a common finding.

C. Increased appetite and excessive weight gain are not typical manifestations of heart failure in infants. Infants with heart failure often experience poor feeding and failure to thrive due to inadequate cardiac output and oxygen delivery to meet metabolic demands.

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Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

Volume= Desired dose/ concentration in mg/ml Concentration per ml= 10mg/ml

Desired dose= 15mg Volume= 15mg/10mg/ml Volume = 1.5ml

Therefore, the nurse should administer 1.5ml of morphine

A. "If the baby turns blue, I will immediately put the baby upright in an infant seat." B. "If the baby turns blue, I will lay him down on a firm surface with his head lower than the rest of his body." C. "If the baby turns blue, I will put the baby in supine position with his head elevated." D. "If the baby turns blue, I will hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This position, often referred to as the "knee-to-chest" position, is recommended during a cyanotic spell in infants with tetralogy of Fallot because it can help increase venous return to the heart and improve oxygenation. It's important for caregivers to understand this positioning as part of the management for hypercyanotic spells in children with this condition.

A. Placing the baby upright in an infant seat may help improve blood flow and oxygenation, but it's not the recommended position for managing cyanosis in a baby with tetralogy of Fallot.

B. Placing the baby with the head lower than the rest of the body could potentially worsen cyanosis by increasing right-to-left shunting of blood and decreasing pulmonary blood flow.

C. Placing the baby in a supine position with the head elevated worsens pulmonary blood flow by increasing systemic vascular resistance. This position can help worsen cyanosis by promoting better oxygenation.

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Which of the following are common manifestations of heart failure in infants? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine 15 mg subcutaneously. The amount available is morphine injection 10 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["1.5"]

Explanation

The nurse explained how to position an infant with tetralogy of Fallot if the infant suddenly becomes cyanotic. Which statement by the father leads the nurse to determine he understood the instructions?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Which of the following are common manifestations of heart failure in infants? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)