Which of the following accurately describe the differences between vaso-occlusive crisis, sequestration crisis, and aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia? (Select All that Apply.)

Aplastic crisis is caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Sequestration crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells.

Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver.

Aplastic crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver.

Sequestration crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver.

Vaso-occlusive crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,E,F

A. Aplastic crisis is caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow is correct. Aplastic crisis is often triggered by an infection (such as parvovirus B19), leading to a sudden reduction in red blood cell production, which can exacerbate anemia.

B. Sequestration crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells is incorrect. This describes a vaso-occlusive crisis, not sequestration crisis. Sequestration crisis involves pooling of blood in the spleen or liver, leading to organ enlargement and circulatory collapse.

C. Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is incorrect. Vaso-occlusive crisis is characterized by the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled cells, leading to pain, ischemia, and tissue damage.

D. Aplastic crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is incorrect. Aplastic crisis is primarily related to bone marrow failure and reduced red blood cell production, not blood pooling in organs.

E. Sequestration crisis is characterized by the pooling of large amounts of blood in the spleen and liver is correct. In sequestration crisis, the spleen and liver trap large amounts of blood, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and severe anemia.

F. Vaso-occlusive crisis involves the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled red blood cells is correct. Vaso-occlusive crisis occurs when sickled red blood cells obstruct blood flow in small vessels, causing pain, tissue damage, and potential organ dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position is appropriate to help alleviate pressure on the brain and improve comfort. This position can also help with respiratory function, which may be compromised in meningitis.

B. Admitting the client to a private room is necessary to prevent the spread of the infection to other patients. Bacterial meningitis is highly contagious, and isolation is important to limit exposure.

C. Implementing seizure precautions is essential in managing a child with bacterial meningitis because the infection can cause increased intracranial pressure, which may lead to seizures.

D. Measuring head circumference every shift is unnecessary for this child, as it is typically done for infants to monitor for signs of hydrocephalus or increased intracranial pressure. In a 6-year-old child, clinical signs and imaging studies are more reliable for monitoring ICP.

A. Increased temperature, tachycardia, tachypnea B. Decreased temperature, bradycardia, bradypnea C. Bradycardia, high blood pressure, irregular respirations D. Bradycardia, hypotension, tachypnea

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Increased temperature, tachycardia, tachypnea is not consistent with Cushing's triad. These signs generally reflect an infection, fever, or a stress response, and are not indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) or brain herniation.

B. Decreased temperature, bradycardia, bradypnea is incorrect. While bradycardia is a component of Cushing's triad, decreased temperature and bradypnea are not part of this syndrome. The signs of Cushing's triad typically include increased blood pressure, not decreased temperature.

C. Bradycardia, high blood pressure, irregular respirations is correct. These are the hallmark signs of Cushing's triad, which indicate a significant increase in intracranial pressure. Bradycardia occurs as a result of elevated pressure on the brainstem, high blood pressure develops as a compensatory mechanism to maintain perfusion, and irregular respirations reflect brainstem dysfunction.

D. Bradycardia, hypotension, tachypnea is incorrect. Hypotension is not part of Cushing's triad. Instead, high blood pressure is typically present in this condition due to the body's compensatory response to increased ICP.

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Which of the following accurately describe the differences between vaso-occlusive crisis, sequestration crisis, and aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia? (Select All that Apply.)

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