Which nurse kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?

Choice A rationale:

This situation represents an example of assault. Assault is the threat of bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, which creates an apprehension of fear in the victim. In this case, the laboratory technician's actions of restraining the client's arm against their will for blood drawing without consent is a form of assault as it involves an intentional act causing fear of harm.

Choice B rationale:

While telling a client that the nurse "does not know anything" is unprofessional and disrespectful, it doesn't constitute assault. This scenario is more related to issues of communication and respect rather than a direct threat of physical harm.

Choice C rationale:

Restraining a client at bedtime to prevent wandering is not assault. This scenario might involve ethical considerations and the appropriate use of restraints, but it doesn't meet the legal definition of assault, which involves a threat of physical harm.

Choice D rationale:

Threatening to tie down a client if they try to get up from the chair is an example of assault. This action creates an apprehension of fear in the client by implying a physically harmful act. It's a direct threat that falls under the category of assault.

Choice A rationale:

Encouraging the client to ambulate frequently is important for preventing complications associated with immobility, such as deep vein thrombosis and muscle atrophy. However, it is not a direct intervention for promoting the thinning of respiratory secretions.

Choice B rationale:

Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake is a valuable intervention to help thin respiratory secretions. However, the most effective method mentioned here is the use of the incentive spirometer, which directly assists the client in taking deep breaths and enhancing lung function.

Choice C rationale:

Encouraging regular use of the incentive spirometer is a crucial intervention for promoting the thinning of respiratory secretions. Incentive spirometry helps prevent atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue) and promotes deep breathing, which aids in clearing secretions and maintaining lung health.

Choice D rationale:

Encouraging coughing and deep breathing is generally important for maintaining lung health and preventing complications like pneumonia. However, the specific action of using the incentive spirometer is more targeted and effective for promoting respiratory secretion clearance in clients with pneumonia.