A nurse is reviewing unintentional and intentional torts. Which of the following clinical situations would the nurse identify as an example of assault?
The laboratory technician restrains the arm of a client refusing to have blood drawn so that the specimen can be obtained.
The primary health care provider tells a client that the nurse "does not know anything.”
The nurse restrains a client at bedtime because the client gets up during the night and wanders around.
The nurse tells a client that he will be tied down if he tries to get up from the chair.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
This situation represents an example of assault. Assault is the threat of bodily harm or unwanted physical contact, which creates an apprehension of fear in the victim. In this case, the laboratory technician's actions of restraining the client's arm against their will for blood drawing without consent is a form of assault as it involves an intentional act causing fear of harm.
Choice B rationale:
While telling a client that the nurse "does not know anything" is unprofessional and disrespectful, it doesn't constitute assault. This scenario is more related to issues of communication and respect rather than a direct threat of physical harm.
Choice C rationale:
Restraining a client at bedtime to prevent wandering is not assault. This scenario might involve ethical considerations and the appropriate use of restraints, but it doesn't meet the legal definition of assault, which involves a threat of physical harm.
Choice D rationale:
Threatening to tie down a client if they try to get up from the chair is an example of assault. This action creates an apprehension of fear in the client by implying a physically harmful act. It's a direct threat that falls under the category of assault.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Explaining to the client that he needs the protein in the milk and the beef is not an appropriate action. Understanding and respecting the client's religious and dietary preferences are essential. Orthodox Jewish dietary laws, known as kashrut, prohibit the consumption of certain foods, including the mixing of meat and dairy in the same meal. This response disregards the client's faith-based dietary restrictions.
Choice B rationale:
Allowing the AP to deliver the food tray to the client is not appropriate in this situation. The nurse is responsible for ensuring that the client's dietary needs and preferences are met, especially when there are religious considerations involved. Failing to accommodate the client's dietary requirements could lead to non-compliance and potential harm.
Choice C rationale:
Replacing the nonfat milk with apple juice does not address the client's religious dietary restrictions. While the change may avoid mixing meat and dairy, it still disregards the importance of providing a kosher meal. Kosher dietary laws encompass more than just avoiding meat and dairy combinations. It is important to provide a fully compliant kosher meal.
Choice D rationale:
Calling the dietary department and asking for a kosher tray is the appropriate action. A kosher diet adheres to specific rules and regulations, including the separation of meat and dairy products. To respect the client's faith and dietary needs, the nurse should ensure that the food provided aligns with kosher guidelines. This choice demonstrates cultural sensitivity and ensures the client's well-being.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hypotension is not an expected manifestation of hypoxemia during an asthma attack. Hypotension refers to abnormally low blood pressure. During an asthma attack, the body's response to hypoxemia is more likely to involve increased heart rate (tachycardia) as the heart attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen levels.
Choice B rationale:
Dysphagia is not directly related to hypoxemia during an asthma attack. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, which is not a typical respiratory manifestation. Hypoxemia in asthma is more likely to lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and increased work of breathing.
Choice C rationale:
Peripheral edema is not a typical manifestation of hypoxemia during an asthma attack. Peripheral edema, or swelling in the extremities, can occur in conditions like heart failure but is not directly related to the airway constriction and reduced oxygen exchange seen in asthma attacks.
Choice D rationale:
Agitation is the correct choice. Hypoxemia, which occurs when there is a decrease in the oxygen levels in the blood, can lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain. This can result in neurological symptoms such as agitation, restlessness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. Agitation is a manifestation of the body's attempt to cope with the lack of oxygen.
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