Which factors are the main causes of the high infant mortality rate? Select all that apply.
Cardiac complications
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Viral infections
Prematurity
Sudden infant death syndrome
Low birth weight
Correct Answer : B,D,E,F
Choice A: Cardiac complications are not the correct answer because they are not the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Cardiac complications are problems that affect the heart or blood vessels of the newborn, such as congenital heart defects, arrhythmias, or heart failure. They can cause serious symptoms such as cyanosis, difficulty breathing, or poor feeding. However, they account for only about 5% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice B: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a condition that causes inflammation and death of the intestinal tissue of the newborn, leading to infection, perforation, or sepsis. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal distension, bloody stools, or shock. It is more common in premature or low birth weight infants and accounts for about 10% of all neonatal deaths.
Choice C: Viral infections are not the correct answer because they are not the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Viral infections are diseases that are caused by viruses that invade the cells of the newborn, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV). They can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, rash, or blisters. However, they account for only about 2% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice D: Prematurity is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Prematurity is a condition that occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation, which is considered full-term. Premature babies are at risk of developing various complications such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, or retinopathy of prematurity. Prematurity accounts for about 35% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice E: Sudden infant death syndrome is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Sudden infant death syndrome is a condition that causes the unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy baby during sleep. The exact cause of sudden infant death syndrome is unknown, but some risk factors include sleeping on the stomach, overheating, smoking exposure, or soft bedding. Sudden infant death syndrome accounts for about 15% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice F: Low birth weight is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Low birth weight is a condition that occurs when a baby is born weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces). Low birth weight babies are at risk of developing various complications such as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or jaundice. Low birth weight accounts for about 25% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Protrusion of the posterior bladder wall downward through the anterior vaginal wall is not the correct answer because it describes a different condition called cystocele. A cystocele occurs when the bladder pushes into the vagina due to weakened pelvic support structures.
Choice B: Bulging of the small intestine through the posterior vaginal wall is the correct answer because it describes an enterocele. Enterocele occurs when the small intestine slides into a pouch between the rectum and vagina due to weakened pelvic support structures.
Choice C: Descent of the uterus through the pelvic floor into the vagina is not the correct answer because it describes a different condition called uterine prolapse. Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus drops down into or out of the vagina due to weakened pelvic support structures.
Choice D: Sagging of the rectum with the pressure exerted against the posterior vaginal wall is not the correct answer because it describes a different condition called rectocele. Rectocele occurs when the rectum bulges into or out of the vagina due to weakened pelvic support structures.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Reports of itching, tingling, and pain in the genital area are the correct answer because they are common symptoms of genital herpes. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can cause outbreaks of painful blisters or sores on or around the genitals, anus, or mouth. The blisters or sores usually heal within a few weeks, but the virus remains in the body and can reactivate at any time. Before an outbreak, some people may experience prodromal symptoms such as itching, tingling, or pain in the affected area.
Choice B: Painful urination with a penile discharge present is not the correct answer because it is more likely a symptom of another STI, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are bacterial infections that can affect the urethra, cervix, rectum, or throat. They can cause symptoms such as burning or pain during urination, abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina, or bleeding between periods.
Choice C: Wart-like flesh-colored lesions on the scrotal area are not the correct answer because they are more likely a symptom of another STI, such as human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a viral infection that can cause genital warts or cervical cancer. Genital warts are small, soft, flesh-colored growths that can appear on or around the genitals, anus, or mouth. They may be flat, raised, or cauliflower-shaped.
Choice D: A chancre on the penis is not the correct answer because it is more likely a symptom of another STI, such as syphilis. Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can affect various organs and systems of the body. It has four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. In the primary stage, syphilis causes a painless sore called a chancre that can appear on or around the genitals, anus, or mouth. The chancre usually heals within a few weeks, but the infection can progress to the next stages if left untreated.
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