Which factors are the main causes of the high infant mortality rate? Select all that apply.
Cardiac complications
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Viral infections
Prematurity
Sudden infant death syndrome
Low birth weight
Correct Answer : B,D,E,F
Choice A: Cardiac complications are not the correct answer because they are not the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Cardiac complications are problems that affect the heart or blood vessels of the newborn, such as congenital heart defects, arrhythmias, or heart failure. They can cause serious symptoms such as cyanosis, difficulty breathing, or poor feeding. However, they account for only about 5% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice B: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a condition that causes inflammation and death of the intestinal tissue of the newborn, leading to infection, perforation, or sepsis. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal distension, bloody stools, or shock. It is more common in premature or low birth weight infants and accounts for about 10% of all neonatal deaths.
Choice C: Viral infections are not the correct answer because they are not the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Viral infections are diseases that are caused by viruses that invade the cells of the newborn, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV). They can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, rash, or blisters. However, they account for only about 2% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice D: Prematurity is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Prematurity is a condition that occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation, which is considered full-term. Premature babies are at risk of developing various complications such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, or retinopathy of prematurity. Prematurity accounts for about 35% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice E: Sudden infant death syndrome is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Sudden infant death syndrome is a condition that causes the unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy baby during sleep. The exact cause of sudden infant death syndrome is unknown, but some risk factors include sleeping on the stomach, overheating, smoking exposure, or soft bedding. Sudden infant death syndrome accounts for about 15% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Choice F: Low birth weight is the correct answer because it is the main cause of the high infant mortality rate. Low birth weight is a condition that occurs when a baby is born weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces). Low birth weight babies are at risk of developing various complications such as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or jaundice. Low birth weight accounts for about 25% of all infant deaths in the United States.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Growth spurt is not the correct answer because it is not the first event that occurs in female puberty. The growth spurt is a period of rapid increase in height and weight that usually occurs between 10 and 14 years of age in girls. It is influenced by various factors such as genetics, nutrition, and hormones. Growth spurt usually follows the development of breast buds and pubic hair by about 6 to 12 months.
Choice B: Evidence of pubic hair is not the correct answer because it is not the first event that occurs in female puberty. Evidence of pubic hair is the appearance of coarse, curly, and pigmented hair on the pubic area and around the genitals. It usually occurs between 8 and 13 years of age in girls. It is caused by the increased production of androgens (male hormones) by the adrenal glands and ovaries. Evidence of pubic hair usually follows the development of breast buds by about 3 to 6 months.
Choice C: Onset of menses is not the correct answer because it is not the first event that occurs in female puberty. The onset of menses is the beginning of menstrual cycles, which are regular changes in the female reproductive system that prepare the body for pregnancy. It usually occurs between 10 and 15 years of age in girls. It is caused by the maturation of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus, which regulate the levels of estrogen and progesterone (female hormones). The onset of menses usually follows the development of breast buds and pubic hair by about 2 to 3 years.
Choice D: Development of breast buds is the correct answer because it is the first event that occurs in female puberty. Development of breast buds is the enlargement and elevation of the nipples and areolas (dark circles around the nipples), which indicate the beginning of breast growth. It usually occurs between 8 and 12 years of age in girls. It is caused by the increased production of estrogen (female hormone) by the ovaries, which stimulates the growth of ducts (tubes) and lobules (glands) in the breast tissue. The development of breast buds is also called thelarche or breast stage 2.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: "If your sexual partner has no symptoms, no medication is needed." This statement is false and misleading. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Chlamydia can also be passed on to newborns during delivery, causing eye infections or pneumonia. Therefore, it is important that both the client and their sexual partner(s) receive treatment and abstain from sexual activity until they are cured.
Choice B: "This infection is treated with one dose of azithromycin." This statement is true and accurate. Azithromycin is an antibiotic that can effectively treat chlamydia with one oral dose. However, some people may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain after taking azithromycin. Therefore, it is important that the client follows the instructions and completes the treatment as prescribed.
Choice C: "You need to return in 6 months for retesting." This statement is false and unnecessary. Retesting for chlamydia is recommended only if the client has symptoms, has a new or multiple sexual partner(s), or is pregnant. Otherwise, retesting is not required if the client and their partner(s) have completed the treatment and have no further exposure to chlamydia.
Choice D: "You have to avoid sexual relations for 3 days." This statement is false and insufficient. The client should avoid sexual relations until they and their partner(s) have completed the treatment and have no symptoms of chlamydia. This may take longer than 3 days, depending on the type and duration of the treatment. Therefore, it is advisable that the client uses condoms or abstains from sexual activity until they are cured.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today