Which electrolyte can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias for a client with chronic kidney disease?

Choice A rationale

Stress incontinence is indeed due to physical stress on the bladder, while urge incontinence is due to an overactive bladder. Stress incontinence occurs when the urethral sphincter or pelvic floor muscles are weakened. This can happen due to various reasons such as childbirth, obesity, or prostate surgery. The term “stress” refers to the physical strain associated with leakage. On the other hand, urge incontinence is defined as a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular wall of the bladder causing urinary urgency, an immediate unstoppable urge to urinate. This is often caused by an overactive bladder.

Choice B rationale

This statement is incorrect. Stress incontinence is not due to an overactive bladder, and urge incontinence is not due to physical stress on the bladder.

Choice C rationale

This statement is also incorrect. While neurological damage can potentially lead to various types of incontinence, it is not the primary cause of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is primarily due to physical stress on the bladder.

Choice D rationale

This statement is incorrect. While neurological damage can potentially lead to urge incontinence, it is not the primary cause of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is primarily due to physical stress on the bladder.

Choice A rationale

While a urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause discomfort and pain, it typically does not cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle.

Choice B rationale

Gout is a form of arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints, not typically in the costovertebral angle.

Choice C rationale

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, can cause severe pain, but they do not typically cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle.

Choice D rationale

Renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer, can cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle. This is because the tumor can grow large enough to be felt through the skin.