What are the clinical manifestations of endometriosis? (select all that apply)
Pain during or after intercourse
Pelvic pain
Urinary tract infection
Infertility
Dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Choice A rationale
Pain during or after intercourse is a common symptom of endometriosis. The misplaced endometrial-like tissue can cause irritation and inflammation, leading to pain during or after sexual activity.
Choice B rationale
Pelvic pain is a primary symptom of endometriosis. The growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, particularly on structures within the pelvis, can lead to chronic pelvic pain. This pain may be cyclical (worsening around the menstrual period) or constant.
Choice C rationale
Urinary tract infection is not a direct clinical manifestation of endometriosis. While endometriosis can involve the urinary tract structures and cause urinary symptoms, it does not cause infections. Urinary tract infections are typically caused by bacteria, not by the presence of endometrial-like tissue.
Choice D rationale
Infertility is a potential complication of endometriosis. The presence of endometrial-like tissue can interfere with the normal function of the reproductive organs, leading to difficulties in achieving pregnancy. Approximately 30-50% of women with endometriosis may experience infertility.
Choice E rationale
Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual periods, is a common symptom of endometriosis. The pain is often described as far worse than typical menstrual cramps and may become more severe over time.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While diarrhea can be a symptom of many conditions, it is not typically a serious potential complication of gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD).
Choice B rationale
Heartburn is a common symptom of GERD, but it is not typically considered a serious potential complication.
Choice C rationale
While a cough can be a symptom of GERD, it is not typically considered a serious potential complication.
Choice D rationale
Esophageal cancer is a serious potential complication of GERD. Long-term exposure to stomach acid can cause changes in the cells lining the esophagus, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The prevalence of cystitis is not increased in men due to sexual practices. In fact, cystitis is more common in women due to the shorter length of the female urethra, which allows bacteria easier access to the bladder28.
Choice B rationale
Cystitis does not occur less frequently in women due to shorter urethras. In fact, the shorter length of the female urethra is one reason why women are more susceptible to urinary tract infections, including cystitis28.
Choice C rationale
While some clients with cystitis may be asymptomatic, many experience symptoms such as frequent urination, discomfort during urination, and lower abdominal pain28.
Choice D rationale
Hormonal changes, particularly those associated with menopause, can alter the normal flora of the urinary tract and increase the risk of cystitis. The decrease in estrogen levels that occurs during menopause can affect the balance of bacteria in the urinary tract and make postmenopausal women more susceptible to urinary tract infections, including cystitis28.
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