Which drug increases the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys, reducing blood volume and blood pressure?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Diuretics
Adrenergic drugs
Direct acting vasodilators.
The Correct Answer is B
Diuretics are drugs that increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys, reducing blood volume and blood pressure. Diuretics lower blood pressure by dilating peripheral arterioles and decreasing blood volume by increasing the excretion of sodium and water.
Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion. By reducing angiotensin II levels, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and decreasing sodium and water retention.
Choice C is wrong because adrenergic drugs do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Adrenergic drugs act on the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions. Depending on the type and location of adrenergic receptors, adrenergic drugs can have different effects on blood pressure. Some adrenergic drugs can increase blood pressure by stimulating alpha receptors, which cause vasoconstriction. Other adrenergic drugs can decrease blood pressure by stimulating beta receptors, which cause vasodilation and decreased cardiac output.
Choice D is wrong because direct acting vasodilators do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Direct acting vasodilators are drugs that relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing them to widen and lower blood pressure. Direct acting vasodilators do not affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or the sympathetic nervous system, which regulate sodium and water balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diuretics are drugs that increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Diuretics lower blood pressure by dilating peripheral arterioles and decreasing blood volume by increasing the excretion of sodium and water.
Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys.ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion.By reducing angiotensin II levels, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and decreasing sodium and water retention.
Choice C is wrong because adrenergic drugs do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Adrenergic drugs act on the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions. Depending on the type and location of adrenergic receptors, adrenergic drugs can have different effects on blood pressure. Some adrenergic drugs can increase blood pressure by stimulating alpha receptors, which cause vasoconstriction.Other adrenergic drugs can decrease blood pressure by stimulating beta receptors, which cause vasodilation and decreased cardiac output.
Choice D is wrong because direct acting vasodilators do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Direct acting vasodilators are drugs that relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing them to widen and lower blood pressure.Direct acting vasodilators do not affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or the sympathetic nervous system, which regulate sodium and water balance.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is used to treat atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
It works by increasing the force of cardiac contraction and slowing down the heart rate.
However, digoxin can also cause toxicity, which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.
One of the risk factors for digoxin toxicity is hypokalemia, or low serum potassium level.
Potassium is an electrolyte that is essential for normal cardiac function and conduction.When the serum potassium level is low, digoxin binds more strongly to the cardiac cells and increases its effects, which can result in bradycardia, heart block, or ventricular tachycardia.
Therefore, the nurse should monitor the serum potassium level to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of digoxin therapy.
Choice B) Serum sodium level is wrong because sodium is not directly related to digoxin action or toxicity.
Sodium is another electrolyte that is important for fluid balance and blood pressure regulation.However, sodium does not affect the binding of digoxin to the cardiac cells or its effects on the heart rate and contractility.
Therefore, the nurse does not need to monitor the serum sodium level to evaluate digoxin therapy.
Choice C) Serum magnesium level is wrong because magnesium is not directly related to digoxin action or toxicity.
Magnesium is another electrolyte that is involved in many enzymatic reactions and neuromuscular function.However, magnesium does not affect the binding of digoxin to the cardiac cells or its effects on the heart rate and contractility.
Therefore, the nurse does not need to monitor the serum magnesium level to evaluate digoxin therapy.
Choice D) Serum calcium level is wrong because calcium is not directly related to digoxin action or toxicity.
Calcium is another electrolyte that is essential for bone health and muscle contraction.However, calcium does not affect the binding of digoxin to the cardiac cells or its effects on the heart rate and contractility.
Therefore, the nurse does not need to monitor the serum calcium level to evaluate digoxin therapy.
The normal range for serum potassium level is 3.5-5.0 mEq
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