A nurse is evaluating a client who has hypertension and is taking lisinopril, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Which of the following outcomes indicates that the medication is effective?
The client has no edema in the lower extremities.
The client has a urine output of 30 mL/hr.
The client has a blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg.
The client has a serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL.
The Correct Answer is C
The client has a blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg. This indicates that the medication is effective because it lowers the blood pressure below the hypertensive levels. In adults 60 years of age or older, this is typically defined as a systolic pressure below 150 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg.
Choice A is wrong because the client has no edema in the lower extremities. This is not a specific outcome of lisinopril, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Edema can be caused by many factors, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or venous insufficiency. Lisinopril does not directly affect fluid retention or edema.
Choice B is wrong because the client has a urine output of 30 mL/hr. This is a low urine output that may indicate dehydration, kidney impairment, or urinary obstruction. Lisinopril is expected to increase urine output by reducing the blood pressure and improving the renal blood flow.
Choice D is wrong because the client has a serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL. This is a high serum creatinine level that may indicate kidney damage or reduced kidney function. Lisinopril is expected to lower the serum creatinine level by preventing the progression of kidney disease and protecting the kidney from further injury.
Normal ranges of urine output, blood pressure, and serum creatinine are:
• Urine output: 800 to 2000 mL/day or 40 to 80 mL/hr
• Blood pressure: less than 120/80 mm Hg for adults
• Serum creatinine: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for males and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for females
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This is because diltiazem (Cardizem) is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure and can cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying position. This can lead to dizziness and lightheadedness, which can increase the risk of falls and injuries. Changing positions slowly can help prevent or reduce these symptoms by allowing the body to adjust to the change in blood pressure.
Choice A) Administer diltiazem as ordered by physician is wrong because it does not address the patient’s complaint of dizziness and lightheadedness, which are side effects of the medication.
The nurse should monitor the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate before and after administering diltiazem, and report any abnormal findings to the physician.
Choice C) Notify physician immediately is wrong because it is not necessary to notify the physician immediately for a common and mild side effect of diltiazem, unless the patient has other signs of severe hypotension, such as fainting, chest pain, or confusion.
The nurse should educate the patient about the possible side effects of diltiazem and how to prevent or manage them.
Choice D) Hold diltiazem and notify physician if symptoms persist is wrong because it is not appropriate to hold a prescribed medication without a valid reason or an order from the physician.
Holding diltiazem could cause the patient’s blood pressure to rise and increase the risk of complications from atrial fibrillation, such as stroke or heart failure.
The nurse should administer diltiazem as ordered and monitor the patient’s response.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is used to improve the contractility of the heart and slow down the heart rate in patients with chronic heart failure. However, digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range and can cause toxicity if the dose is too high or if the patient has low potassium levels. A normal serum digoxin level is 0.5 to 2 ng/mL and a normal serum potassium level is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. A low heart rate (less than 60 beats/min) is a sign of digoxin toxicity and the nurse should withhold the medication and report it to the provider. The nurse should also check the patient’s serum digoxin and potassium levels to determine if they are within normal limits.
Choice A is wrong because administering the medication as ordered could worsen the patient’s condition and increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Choice C is wrong because checking the patient’s serum digoxin level is not enough to prevent digoxin toxicity. The nurse should also check the patient’s serum potassium level and heart rate before giving digoxin.
Choice D is wrong because giving an additional dose of digoxin could cause a fatal overdose and lead to cardiac arrest. The nurse should never give more than the prescribed dose of digoxin without consulting the provider.
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