Which drug blocks the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors on blood vessels and adrenal glands, preventing its vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-stimulating effects?

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blockers

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Direct acting vasodilators.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) block the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors on blood vessels and adrenal glands, preventing its vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-stimulating effects

Choice A is wrong because beta blockers do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather beta-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the sympathetic nervous system. Beta blockers reduce heart rate and blood pressure by inhibiting the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Choice B is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather calcium channels, which are involved in the contraction of smooth muscle cells. Calcium channel blockers relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure by reducing the influx of calcium into the cells

Choice D is wrong because direct acting vasodilators do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather act directly on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate. Direct acting vasodilators lower blood pressure by decreasing peripheral resistance

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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

Losartan (Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is used to treat heart failure by lowering blood pressure and reducing fluid retention.

Patients taking losartan should:

• Weigh themselves every morning and report any changes.

This helps to monitor fluid status and detect signs of worsening heart failure.Weight gain of more than 2 kg (4.4 lb) in a week or 1 kg (2.2 lb) in a day should be reported to the health care provider.

• Call their doctor if they have a sore throat or fever.This could indicate an infection or a rare but serious side effect of losartan called angioedema, which causes swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

The other choices are wrong because:

• Losartan does not need to be taken with food to prevent stomach upset.It can be taken with or without food.

• Losartan does not increase the sensitivity to sunlight.However, some other medications for heart failure, such as diuretics, may do so.

• Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated is not recommended for patients with heart failure, as it may worsen fluid retention and overload the heart.Patients should follow their prescribed fluid restriction and limit their sodium intake.

A. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. B. Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly. C. Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider. D. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly. E. Chew or crush the sustained-release tablet for faster action.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload of the heart.

The following instructions should be included in the teaching:

• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, flushing, headache, and low blood pressure.

• Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly.This will help to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication and detect any abnormal changes.Normal blood pressure for adults is less than 130/80 mm Hg and normal pulse rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.

• Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider.This can be a sign of fluid retention or heart failure, which are possible complications of nifedipine.

• Do not stop taking this medication abruptly.This can cause a rebound increase in blood pressure and chest pain.The dose should be tapered gradually under the supervision of the provider.

Choice E is wrong because chewing or crushing the sustained-release tablet can cause too much of the drug to be released at once, which can lead to overdose or severe side effects.

The tablet should be swallowed whole with a glass of water.

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Which drug blocks the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors on blood vessels and adrenal glands, preventing its vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-stimulating effects?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing the discharge instructions with a patient who has heart failure and is prescribed losartan (Cozaar). Which of the following statements by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and is prescribed nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, about self-care measures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is receiving metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and is prescribed metoprolol, a beta blocker. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Which drugs act on the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates blood pressure by controlling heart rate, cardiac output, vascular tone, and renin release?

The nurse is caring for a patient with atrial fibrillation who has been prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem). The patient reports feeling dizzy and lightheaded when standing up quickly from a sitting position or when getting out of bed in the morning. What action should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving carvedilol (Coreg). The nurse should monitor which of the following laboratory values to determine therapeutic effectiveness of this medication?

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure who has been prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). The patient’s apical pulse rate is 58 beats/min. What should the nurse do next?

The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should monitor which of the following laboratory values to determine therapeutic effectiveness of this medication?