The nurse is reviewing the discharge instructions with a patient who has heart failure and is prescribed losartan (Cozaar). Which of the following statements by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
“I will weigh myself every morning and report any changes.”
“I will take this medication with food to prevent stomach upset.”
“I will call my doctor if I have a sore throat or fever.”
“I will use sunscreen when I go outside.”
“I will drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.”
Correct Answer : A,C
Losartan (Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is used to treat heart failure by lowering blood pressure and reducing fluid retention.
Patients taking losartan should:
• Weigh themselves every morning and report any changes.
This helps to monitor fluid status and detect signs of worsening heart failure. Weight gain of more than 2 kg (4.4 lb) in a week or 1 kg (2.2 lb) in a day should be reported to the health care provider.
• Call their doctor if they have a sore throat or fever. This could indicate an infection or a rare but serious side effect of losartan called angioedema, which causes swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
The other choices are wrong because:
• Losartan does not need to be taken with food to prevent stomach upset. It can be taken with or without food.
• Losartan does not increase the sensitivity to sunlight. However, some other medications for heart failure, such as diuretics, may do so.
• Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated is not recommended for patients with heart failure, as it may worsen fluid retention and overload the heart. Patients should follow their prescribed fluid restriction and limit their sodium intake.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B is wrong because “I will eat more green leafy vegetables.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can antagonize the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of clotting.The client should be advised to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K and avoid sudden changes in their diet.
Choice A is wrong because using an electric razor for shaving is a safe practice for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it reduces the risk of bleeding from cuts or nicks.
Choice C is wrong because checking stools for blood is an important measure for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a serious adverse effect of the medication.
Choice D is wrong because having blood drawn regularly is necessary for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it allows the monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR), which reflects the degree of anticoagulation and guides the dosage adjustment of the medication.
The normal range for INR for a client who is receiving warfarin is 2 to 3, unless otherwise specified by the provider.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) block the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors on blood vessels and adrenal glands, preventing its vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-stimulating effects
Choice A is wrong because beta blockers do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather beta-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the sympathetic nervous system.Beta blockers reduce heart rate and blood pressure by inhibiting the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline
Choice B is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather calcium channels, which are involved in the contraction of smooth muscle cells.Calcium channel blockers relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure by reducing the influx of calcium into the cells
Choice D is wrong because direct acting vasodilators do not block angiotensin II receptors, but rather act directly on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate.Direct acting vasodilators lower blood pressure by decreasing peripheral resistance
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