When displayed by the patient, which symptom would be most indicative to the nurse to withhold a recently prescribed nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker?
Hyperglycemia
Dizziness
Peripheral edema
Wheezing
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This is not a symptom that would indicate withholding a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Hyperglycemia is a high level of glucose in the blood, which can be caused by diabetes or other conditions. Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers do not affect blood glucose levels directly, but they may mask the signs of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) in diabetic patients.
Choice B reason: This is not a symptom that would indicate withholding a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Dizziness is a common side effect of many medications, especially those that lower blood pressure. Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers can cause dizziness by reducing the heart rate and cardiac output, but this is usually mild and transient.
Choice C reason: This is not a symptom that would indicate withholding a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Peripheral edema is swelling of the ankles, feet, or legs, which can be caused by heart failure, kidney disease, or venous insufficiency. Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers do not cause peripheral edema, but they may worsen it in patients with heart failure.
Choice D reason: This is a symptom that would indicate withholding a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker. Wheezing is a high-pitched sound that occurs when breathing is obstructed, usually due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers can aggravate or cause wheezing by blocking the beta-2 receptors in the lungs, which normally cause bronchodilation (widening of the airways). Therefore, nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma or COPD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: An increase in antithrombotic substances is not a cause of atherosclerosis. Antithrombotic substances are agents that prevent or reduce the formation of blood clots. They can be used to treat or prevent atherosclerosis, not cause it.
Choice B reason: Congenital heart disease is not a cause of atherosclerosis. Congenital heart disease is a condition that is present at birth and affects the structure or function of the heart. It can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, not by atherosclerosis.
Choice C reason: Endothelial injury and inflammation are causes of atherosclerosis. Endothelial injury is the damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels, which can be caused by various factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, or diabetes. Inflammation is the body's response to the injury, which involves the activation of immune cells and the release of cytokines and growth factors. These processes lead to the formation of plaque, which is composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, calcium, and other materials.
Choice D reason: High serum potassium levels are not a cause of atherosclerosis. High serum potassium levels are a condition that affects the balance of electrolytes in the blood. It can be caused by kidney disease, medication side effects, or excessive intake of potassium-rich foods. It can affect the heart rhythm and function, but it does not cause atherosclerosis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Vasodilators are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the resistance to blood flow. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure, but they are usually added to other medications, such as diuretics or beta blockers, to improve the symptoms and outcomes.
Choice B reason: This is the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Diuretics are a class of medications that increase the urine output and reduce the fluid retention in the body. They can be used to treat hypertension, edema, and heart failure, as they reduce the preload and afterload on the heart, and decrease the pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema.
Choice C reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, which cause vasodilation and reduced cardiac contractility. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, but they are not recommended for most patients with heart failure, as they may worsen the cardiac function and increase the mortality.
Choice D reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Direct renin inhibitors are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by inhibiting the enzyme renin, which initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormonal pathway that regulates the blood pressure and fluid balance. They can be used to treat hypertension, but they have not been proven to be effective or safe for patients with heart failure.
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