A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by

an increase in antithrombotic substances.

congenital heart disease.

endothelial injury and inflammation.

high serum potassium levels.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: An increase in antithrombotic substances is not a cause of atherosclerosis. Antithrombotic substances are agents that prevent or reduce the formation of blood clots. They can be used to treat or prevent atherosclerosis, not cause it.

Choice B reason: Congenital heart disease is not a cause of atherosclerosis. Congenital heart disease is a condition that is present at birth and affects the structure or function of the heart. It can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, not by atherosclerosis.

Choice C reason: Endothelial injury and inflammation are causes of atherosclerosis. Endothelial injury is the damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels, which can be caused by various factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, or diabetes. Inflammation is the body's response to the injury, which involves the activation of immune cells and the release of cytokines and growth factors. These processes lead to the formation of plaque, which is composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, calcium, and other materials.

Choice D reason: High serum potassium levels are not a cause of atherosclerosis. High serum potassium levels are a condition that affects the balance of electrolytes in the blood. It can be caused by kidney disease, medication side effects, or excessive intake of potassium-rich foods. It can affect the heart rhythm and function, but it does not cause atherosclerosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Albuterol is not used to treat acute allergies. It is a bronchodilator that relaxes the smooth muscles of the airways and improves airflow. Antihistamines are the drugs of choice for acute allergies.

Choice B reason: Albuterol is not used to treat nasal congestion. It is a bronchodilator that acts on the lungs, not the nose. Decongestants are the drugs of choice for nasal congestion.

Choice C reason: Albuterol is not used to treat dyspnea on exertion. It is a bronchodilator that is used for acute or chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea on exertion is a symptom of various cardiac or pulmonary disorders that require further evaluation and treatment.

Choice D reason: Albuterol is used to treat acute bronchospasm. It is a bronchodilator that quickly relieves the symptoms of bronchoconstriction, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is often prescribed as a rescue inhaler for patients with asthma or COPD.

A. oliguria. B. increased heart rate. C. wet cough. D. confusion. E. jugular venous distention.

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Oliguria is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to reduced renal perfusion and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Choice B reason: Increased heart rate is a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a compensatory mechanism that occurs due to reduced cardiac output and sympathetic stimulation.

Choice C reason: Wet cough is a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a sign of pulmonary congestion and edema that result from increased pressure in the pulmonary veins and capillaries.

Choice D reason: Confusion is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to reduced cerebral perfusion and hypoxia.

Choice E reason: Jugular venous distention is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to increased pressure in the right atrium and vena cava.

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A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What is albuterol (Proventil) used to treat?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The forward effects in a patient with left ventricular heart failure include (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

A patient has 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities bilaterally. Auscultation of the lungs reveals crackles bilaterally, and the serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L, which is above normal level. Which agent ordered by the prescriber should the nurse question?

Which instruction by the nurse will be included when teaching an adult patient about digoxin (Lanoxin) for management of heart failure?

A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by

Which nursing assessment confirms that the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that a patient is taking is effective?

Pt has respiratory acidosis (low blood pH) due to his asthma exacerbation. What will the nurse expect to see?

A patient with stable COPD receives prescriptions for an inhaled glucocorticoid and an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of this medication regimen?

Airway obstruction in COPD type B (chronic bronchitis) is due to